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Girardin, Emile de ... Gjellerup, Karl Adolph
Girardin, Emile de
popular French journalist, called the Napoleon of the press for his success in publishing inexpensive newspapers with massive circulations.
Girardon, Francois
the most representative sculptor employed on the great sculptural project of decorating Versailles during the period of Louis XIV.
Girardot
river port, central Colombia, at the confluence of the upper Magdalena (there bridged) and Bogota rivers, opposite Flandes. The site, once a canoe outpost named Pastor Montero, was donated for the creation of San Miguel parish in 1844. Under a ...
Giraud, Henri
army officer and one of the leaders, in World War II, of the French Committee of National Liberation.
Giraudoux, Jean
French novelist, essayist, and playwright who created an impressionistic form of drama by emphasizing dialogue and style rather than realism.
girder
in building construction, a horizontal main supporting beam that carries a vertical concentrated load. See beam.
girdle tie
in Egyptian religion, protective amulet formed like a knot and made of gold, carnelian, or red glazed ware. Most samples of the girdle tie have been found tied around the necks of mummies; the amulets were intended to protect the ...
girdle-tailed lizard
any of various south and east African and Madagascan lizards belonging to the family Cordylidae. They are live-bearers, having as few as one to four young per litter.
Giresun
city and seaport, northeastern Turkey. It lies along the Black Sea about 110 miles (175 km) west of Trabzon. The older parts of the city lie on a peninsula crowned by a ruined Byzantine fortress, sheltering the small natural harbour. ...
Giri, Varahagiri Venkata
statesman, president of India from 1969 to 1974.
Giridih
town, Bihar state, northeastern India. It lies 72 miles (115 km) northeast of Hazaribagh town, on both banks of the Usri River. In 1871 a branch line of the Eastern Railway was built to the town, increasing its importance as ...
girl groups
primarily American female vocal groups popular from the early to the mid-1960s, the period between the heyday of early rock and roll and the British Invasion. The girl group era produced a clearly identifiable hybrid of gospel, rhythm and blues, ...
Girl Scouts
worldwide organization for girls, dedicated to training them in citizenship, good conduct, and outdoor activities. Robert (later Lord) Baden-Powell founded the Girl Guides in Great Britain in 1910 in response to the requests of girls who were interested in the ...
Girnar Hills
physical region on the Kathiawar Peninsula, Gujarat state, west-central India. At the foot of one of the hills is a rock bearing one of the Rock Edicts of Asoka (3rd century BC). The same rock bears an inscription referring to ...
Girodet-Trioson, Anne-Louis
original name Anne-louis Girodet De Roucy painter whose works exemplify the first phase of the Romantic movement in French art.
Girodias, Maurice
French publisher of banned books, including many classics of modern literature.
Gironde
estuary on the Bay of Biscay, in Gironde departement, Aquitaine region, southwestern France, formed by the confluence of the Garonne and Dordogne rivers (qq.v.). It trends from southeast to northwest for about 45 miles (72 km) and is navigable for ...
Girondin
a label applied to a loose grouping of republican politicians, some of them originally from the departement of the Gironde, who played a leading role in the Legislative Assembly from October 1791 to September 1792 during the ...
Gironella, Jose Maria
Spanish author best remembered for his long historical novel Los cipreses creen en Dios (1953; The Cypresses Believe in God), in which the conflicts within a family portrayed in the novel symbolize the dissension ...
Girtin, Thomas
British artist who at the turn of the 19th century firmly established the aesthetic autonomy of watercolour (formerly used mainly to colour engravings) by employing its transparent washes to evoke a new sense of atmospheric space.
Giry, Arthur
French historian noted for his studies of the French Middle Ages.
GIS
computer system for performing geographical analysis. GIS has four interactive components: an input subsystem for converting into digital form (digitizing) maps and other spatial data; a storage and retrieval subsystem; an analysis subsystem; and an output subsystem for producing maps, ...
gisant
in sepulchral sculpture, recumbent effigy representing the person in death; especially, an effigy depicting the deceased in a state of advanced decomposition, as was popular particularly in the 15th and 16th centuries in northern Europe. The gisant represented as a ...
Gisborne
city ("district") and port on Poverty Bay, Gisborne unitary authority, east coast of North Island, New Zealand. The city is located where the Waimata and Taruheru rivers join to form the Turanganui. It was the first area in New Zealand ...
Gisborne
unitary authority, east-central North Island, New Zealand. The authority includes the eastern side of East Cape (the easternmost promontory of North Island), most of the Raukumara Range, and the Waipaoa and Mata rivers. Gisborne is bounded by the Bay of ...
Gisbornian Stage
time division of the Ordovician Period in Australia and New Zealand. The Gisbornian Stage precedes the Eastonian Stage and follows the Darriwilian Stage; it is characterized by the presence of a graptolite fauna in which the genera Nemagraptus and Climacograptus ...
Giscard d'Estaing, Valery
French political leader, who served as the third president of the Fifth Republic of France (1974-81).
Gish, Lillian; and Gish, Dorothy
American actresses who were major figures in the early motion picture industry, particularly in director D.W. Griffith's silent-film classics. Lillian, regarded as one of the most creative cinema artists, was also a stage actress and a revered name in show ...
Gisla saga
an Icelandic saga set in northwestern Iceland and written probably before the middle of the 13th century, which tells of an outlaw poet, Gisli Sursson (d. c. AD 980), who was punished by his enemies for loyally avenging his foster ...
Gislebertus
French sculptor who made major contributions to the Cathedral of Saint-Lazare in Autun and to several Burgundian churches from 1125 to 1135.
gismondine
rare mineral in the zeolite family. Many specimens have been found in Ireland and Iceland in basaltic lavas, along with such other zeolites as chabazite, thomsonite, and phillipsite. Gismondine forms colourless, bipyramidal crystals of orthorhombic symmetry; it is a hydrated ...
Gisors
market town, Eure departement, Haute-Normandie region, northwestern France. It lies in the valley of the Epte River, northwest of Paris and southwest of Beauvais. The early town was dominated by an 11th- and 12th-century castle built by the kings of ...
Gissing, George
English novelist, noted for the unflinching realism of his novels about the lower middle class.
Gist, Christopher
American colonial explorer and military scout who wrote highly informative journals describing his experiences.
Gisulph II
prince of Salerno, the last important Lombard ruler to oppose the Norman conquest of southern Italy; his defeat marked the end of effective resistance to the Normans.
Gitagovinda
(Sanskrit: "The Poem in which the Cowherd Is Sung"), lyrical poem celebrating the romance of the divine cowherd Krishna and his beloved, Radha, renowned both for its high literary value and for its expression of religious longing, and popular particularly ...
Gitega
town, central Burundi. The town lies about 40 miles (65 km) east of the national capital of Bujumbura. Constituting the second largest town in the country, Gitega functions as a centre for religion and education; it has primary, secondary, technical, ...
gittern
either of two medieval stringed musical instruments, the guitarra latina and the guitarra morisca. The latter was also known as the guitarra saracenica.
Giuliani, Rudolph W.
American lawyer and politician who was mayor of New York City from 1993 to 2002.
Giulini, Carlo Maria
Italian conductor esteemed for his skills in directing both grand opera and symphony orchestras.
Giulio Romano
late Renaissance painter, architect, principal heir of Raphael, and one of the initiators of the Mannerist style.
Giunta Pisano
Italian painter, a native of Pisa and a pioneer who, coming from Tuscany to Assisi, influenced the development of Umbrian art.
Giurgiu
judet (county), southeastern Romania, occupying an area of 1,471 square miles (3,810 square km) bounded on the south by the Danube River and Bulgaria. The county, consisting mostly of lowlands, was formed in 1981 from a portion of Ilfov district. ...
Giurgiu
city, capital of Giurgiu judet (county), southern Romania. It is situated on the left (north) bank of the Danube, 40 miles (65 km) south of Bucharest. Its origins have not been clearly established, though it is probable that Genoese navigators ...
Giusti, Giuseppe
northern Italian poet and satirist, whose satires on Austrian rule during the early years of Italy's nationalistic movement (the Risorgimento) had great influence and are still enjoyed for their Tuscan wit and lively style.
Giv'atayim
city, eastern suburb of Tel Aviv-Yafo, west-central Israel, on the Plain of Sharon. The city is a union of several workers' quarters, the first of which, Shekhunat Borokhov, was founded in 1922. It was the first suburban workers' development in ...
Givenchy, Hubert de
French dress designer noted for his designs of blouses, skirts, and slacks (separates) and his internationally operated ready-to-wear boutiques.
Giyani
new town, Northern province, South Africa. It was the capital of Gazankulu, a former nonindependent black state. Giyani is located on the northern bank of the Klein (Little) Letaba River west of Kruger National Park. Situated in what was the ...
Giza, Pyramids of
three 4th-dynasty (c. 2575-c. 2465 BC) pyramids erected on a rocky plateau on the west bank of the Nile River near Al-Jizah (Giza), northern Egypt; in ancient times they were included among the Seven Wonders of the World. The ancient ...
gizzard
in many birds, the hind part of the stomach, especially modified for grinding food. Located between the saclike crop and the intestine, the gizzard has a thick muscular wall and may contain small stones, or gastroliths, that function in the ...
Gjellerup, Karl Adolph
Danish poet and novelist who shared the 1917 Nobel Prize for Literature with his compatriot Henrik Pontoppidan.
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