French chemist and physicist who pioneered investigations into the behaviour of gases, established new techniques for analysis, and made notable advances in applied chemistry.
city, south-central Bihar state, northeastern India. It lies along the Phalgu River, a tributary of the Ganges. With major rail, road, and air connections, Gaya is a major centre of commerce. The city lies near the junction of the Gangetic ...
(Bos frontalis), one of the species of true cattle, belonging to the subfamily Bovinae (order Artiodactyla) and found in northeastern India and Myanmar (Burma). Considered a domestic form of the gaur, the gayal has larger dewlaps and thicker horns that ...
American soul singer-songwriter-producer who, to a large extent, ushered in the era of artist-controlled popular music of the 1970s. Gaye's father was a storefront preacher; his mother was a domestic worker. Gaye sang in his father's Evangelical church in Washington, ...
Iraqi lawyer and politician who was prime minister of Iraq (1933, 1940-41, 1941) and one of the most celebrated political leaders of the Arab world during his time.
a carbonate mineral, hydrated sodium and calcium carbonate [formulated Na2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O], that precipitates from soda lakes. It has been identified in deposits at Lagunillas, Venezuela; in the eastern Gobi (desert), Mongolia; near Ragtown, Nev., U.S.; at Borax Lake, Mono Lake, and ...
in later Zoroastrian creation literature, the first man, and the progenitor of mankind. Gayomart's spirit, with that of the primeval ox, lived for 3,000 years during the period in which creation was only spiritual. His mere existence immobilized Ahriman, the ...
city and principal urban centre of the Gaza Strip, southwestern Palestine. Formerly the administrative headquarters for the Israeli military forces that occupied the Gaza Strip, the city came under Palestinian control in 2005.
kingdom established in the highlands of the middle Sabi River in Mozambique in the 1830s by Soshangane, the Ndwandwe general who fled from Zululand after his defeat at the hands of Shaka during the Zulu-Nguni wars known as the Mfecane. ...
territory occupying 140 square miles (363 square km) along the Mediterranean Sea just northeast of the Sinai Peninsula. The Gaza Strip is unusual in being a densely settled area not recognized as a de jure part of any extant country.
former nonindependent black state, northeastern Transvaal, South Africa, designated for the Shangaan and Tsonga people. It was made up of four detached portions of low veld, two of which adjoined Kruger National Park. The Tsonga people, the traditional inhabitants of ...
lookout or belvedere in the form of a turret, cupola, or garden house set on a height to give an extensive view. The name is an 18th-century joke word combining "gaze" with the Latin suffix ebo, meaning "I shall." As ...
any of the numerous antelopes of the genus Gazella, family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla). Graceful in build and small to medium in size, gazelles range in herds that usually contain about 5 to 10 individuals but may include up to several ...
peninsula extending northeast from the island of New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, southwestern Pacific. It is about 50 miles (80 km) wide but tapers to 20 miles (32 km) at the isthmus joining it to the main part ...
originally, a newssheet containing an abstract of current events, the forerunner of the modern newspaper. The word is derived from the Italian gazzetta, a name given to informal news or gossip sheets first published in Venice in ...
cold soup of Spanish cuisine, especially that of Andalusia. It is an ancient dish mentioned in Greek and Roman literature, although two of the main ingredients of the modern version, tomatoes and green peppers, were brought to Spain from the ...
city, north-central Liberia, West Africa, at the intersection of roads from Monrovia and northern Sierra Leone. A rural administrative and local trade centre, it has government and church secondary schools, several churches, and a mosque. Cuttington University College (Episcopalian) and ...
a people of southwestern Central African Republic, east-central Cameroon, northern Congo (Brazzaville), and northwestern Congo (Kinshasa). Numbering about 970,000 at the end of the 20th century, they speak a language of the Adamawa-Ubangi subgroup of the Niger-Congo language family that ...
esoteric Tibetan Buddhist rite that aims at "cutting off" the human ego and thus destroying the illusion of duality between samsara (the world of appearances and of death and rebirth) and nirvana.
southern inlet of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Poland on the west, south, and southeast and by Kaliningrad oblast (province) of Russia on the east. The gulf extends 40 miles (64 km) from north to south and 60 miles (97 ...
South American Indian peoples who speak languages of the Macro-Ge group. They inhabit eastern and southern Brazil and part of northern Paraguay. The Ge peoples include the Northwestern Ge (Timbira, Northern and Southern Kayapo, and Suya), the Central Ge (Xavante, ...
kiln known for the wares it produced during the early Song dynasty (960-1162), probably in the Zhejiang province in China. Scholars are uncertain of the kiln's exact location. Legends recorded in documents of the Ming dynasty suggest that the kiln ...
a group of about 10 South American Indian languages that extend through inland eastern Brazil as far as the Uruguayan border. Most linguists classify the Ge languages with a number of smaller groups (most of which were located closer to ...
liturgical language of the Ethiopian church. Ge'ez is a Semitic language of the Southern Peripheral group, to which also belong the South Arabic dialects and Amharic, one of the principal languages of Ethiopia. Both Ge'ez and the related languages of ...
machine component consisting of a toothed wheel attached to a rotating shaft. Gears operate in pairs to transmit and modify rotary motion and torque (turning force) without slip, the teeth of one gear engaging the teeth on a mating gear. ...
in ancient Egyptian religion, the god of the earth, the physical support of the world. Geb constituted, along with Nut (q.v.), his sister, the second generation in the Ennead (group of nine gods) of Heliopolis. In Egyptian art Geb was ...
music intended, by virtue of its simplicity of technique and style, primarily for performance by the talented amateur rather than the virtuoso. Gebrauchsmusik is, in fact, a modern reaction against the intellectual and technical complexities of much 19th- and 20th-century ...
any lizard of the harmless but noisy family Gekkonidae, which contains about 80 genera and about 750 species. Geckos are small, usually nocturnal reptiles with a soft skin, a short, stout body, large head, and weak limbs often equipped with ...
Scottish goldsmith who invented (1725) stereotyping, a process in which a whole page of type is cast in a single mold so that a printing plate can be made from it. His work was opposed by typefounders and compositors, and ...
a minor Jewish observance (on Tishri 3) that mournfully recalls the assassination of Gedaliah, Jewish governor of Judah and appointee of Nebuchadrezzar, the Babylonian king. Gedaliah, a supporter of Jeremiah, was slain by Ishmael, a member of the former royal ...
American civil engineer, lawyer, and politician who played a leading role in the construction of the Erie Canal, one of the first great engineering works in North America.
American theatrical designer whose clean, functional decors contributed substantially to the trend away from naturalism in 20th-century stage design. As an important industrial designer he helped popularize "streamlining" as a distinct modern style.
borough (district), administrative and historic county of Nottinghamshire, east-central England. The district takes its name from the former village of Gedling, which was engulfed in the expansion of the eastern suburbs of the city of Nottingham. The district extends from ...
historic region west of the Indus River, in what is now the Baluchistan region of Pakistan. In 325 BC Alexander the Great's forces suffered disastrous losses there from the effects of the desert, supply shortages, and monsoons. They captured the ...
English rugby player, a member of the powerful Wigan club that won the Rugby League (RL) Challenge Cup in 1948. He was also vital as forward in Wigan's RL championship wins of 1945-46, 1946-47, and 1949-50 and the Challenge Cup ...
commune, Antwerp province, northern Belgium, in the Kempenland (Campine) Plateau, east of Antwerp. Renowned for its unique system of family care for the mentally ill, it is linked with the Irish martyr St. Dymphna. According to tradition, in the 7th ...
second largest city of Victoria, Australia, and a major port on Corio Bay (an extension of Port Phillip Bay). Founded in 1837, its name is a derivation of the Aboriginal word jillong, which means "the place of the native companion," ...
conservative statesman and prime minister of The Netherlands (1926-29, 1939-40) who was disgraced for attempting to negotiate a peace settlement between Great Britain and Nazi Germany in 1940.
oval patch of faint luminosity exactly opposite to the Sun in the night sky. The patch of light is so faint it can be seen only in the absence of moonlight, away from city lights, and with the eyes adapted ...
