Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Fareham ... Faroe Islands

Fareham: town and borough (district), county of Hampshire, England, at the head of a creek opening into the northwestern corner of Portsmouth Harbour. The district embraces the market town of Fareham and several outlying historic localities. These include Portchester, which was ...
Farel, Guillaume: Reformer and preacher primarily responsible for introducing the Reformation to French-speaking Switzerland, where his efforts led to John Calvin's establishment of the Reformed church in Geneva.
Fares, Nabile: Kabylian novelist and poet known for his abstruse, poetic, and dreamlike style. Rebellion against the established religious traditions and the newly formed conventions of Algeria since independence is central to his work.
Fargo: city, seat (1873) of Cass county, southeastern North Dakota, U.S. It lies on the Red River of the North, opposite Moorhead, Minnesota, and is North Dakota's largest city. Founded in 1871 by the Northern Pacific Railway at its crossing point ...
Fargo, William George: pioneer American businessman, one of the founders of Wells, Fargo & Company.
Fargue, Leon-Paul: French poet and essayist whose work spanned numerous literary movements.
Fari'ah, Tall al-: ancient site in northern Palestine, located near the head of the Wadi al-Fari'ah northeast of Nabulus in Israeli-occupied Jordan. Excavations at the site, spon sored since 1946 by the Dominican Ecole Biblique de St. Etienne in Jerusalem, have revealed that ...
Faribault: city, seat of Rice county, southeastern Minnesota, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the Cannon and Straight rivers, in a mixed-farming and lake area, about 50 miles (80 km) south of Minneapolis. Fur trader Alexander Faribault arrived in the ...
Faridabad: town, southeastern Haryana state, northwestern India, connected by road with Delhi (north) and Mathura (southeast). It is a local market for wheat, sugarcane, and cotton. Founded in 1607 by Shaikh Farid, Emperor Jahangir's treasurer, to protect the Delhi-Agra high road, ...
Faridkot: town, southwestern Punjab state, northwestern India, 70 miles (116 km) southwest of Ludhiana town. It was founded by Bhallan of the Burai Jat (a warrior community of northern India) during the 16th-century reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar. It later ...
Faridpur: city, central Bangladesh, on the west bank of the Mara (Dead) Padma stream, a tributary of the Padma. It serves as a rail terminus for the branch line connecting Goalundo Ghat with Calcutta and is linked by road with Kushtia, ...
Farim: town, north central Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, on the Rio Cacheu. It is a market centre for the agricultural products of the interior; peanut (groundnut) cultivation, concentrated around the town, is mainly for export, and cattle are raised for domestic consumption ...
Farina, Giuseppe: Italian automobile racing driver who was the first to win the world driving championship according to the modern point system.
Farina, Richard; and Farina, Mimi: American husband-and-wife folksinging duo who were significant figures in the folk music revival of the 1960s. Richard, also a novelist, was killed in a motorcycle accident just after the publication of his first novel, Been Down So ...
Farinacci, Prospero: Italian jurist whose Praxis et Theorica Criminalis (1616) was the strongest influence on penology in Roman-law countries until the reforms of the criminologist-economist Cesare Beccaria (1738-94). The Praxis is most noteworthy as the definitive ...
Farinacci, Roberto: radical Italian politician and Fascist ras, or local party boss, who helped Benito Mussolini rise to power in 1922 and who became an important figure in the Fascist regime.
Farinati, Paolo: Italian painter, engraver, and architect, one of the leading 16th-century painters at Verona.
Farinelli: celebrated Italian castrato singer of the 18th century and one of the greatest singers in the history of opera. He adopted the surname of his benefactors, the brothers Farina.
Farini, Luigi Carlo: Italian, physician, historian, and statesman of the Risorgimento who did much to bring central Italy into union with the north.
Farjeon, Eleanor: English writer for children whose magical but unsentimental tales, which often mock the behaviour of adults, earned her a revered place in many British nurseries.
Farley, Harriet: American writer and editor, remembered largely for her stewardship of the Lowell Offering, a literary magazine published by women at the textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts.
Farley, James A: U.S. politician who engineered electoral triumphs for Franklin D. Roosevelt. Farley served as postmaster general until breaking with Roosevelt in 1940 to make his own bid for the presidency.
Farlovian Stage: division of the Old Red Sandstone of the Devonian Period of western Europe (the Devonian Period began about 395,000,000 years ago and lasted about 50,000,000 years); the Farlovian Stage follows the Breconian and was named for exposures studied near the ...
Farlow, William Gilson: mycologist and plant pathologist who pioneered investigations in plant pathology; his course in this subject was the first taught in the United States.
farm building: any of the structures used in farming operations, which may include buildings to house families and workers, as well as livestock, machinery, and crops.
farm machinery: mechanical devices, including tractors and implements, used in farming to save labour. Farm machines include a great variety of devices with a wide range of complexity: from simple hand-held implements used since prehistoric times to the complex harvesters of modern ...
farm management: making and implementing of the decisions involved in organizing and operating a farm for maximum production and profit. Farm management draws on agricultural economics for information on prices, markets, agricultural policy, and economic institutions such as leasing and credit. It ...
Farman, Henri: French aviator and aircraft constructor who developed ailerons for lateral control, an innovation that subsequently came into general use on all planes.
Farman, Maurice: French aircraft designer and manufacturer who contributed greatly to early aviation.
Farmer's Almanac: American annual journal containing weather prognostications, planting schedules, astronomical tables, astrological lore, recipes, anecdotes, and sundry pleasantries of rural interest, first published by Robert B. Thomas in 1792 for the year 1793. The almanac issued long-range weather forecasts, based on ...
Farmer's Law: Byzantine legal code drawn up in the 8th century AD, probably during the reign of Emperor Leo III the Isaurian (717-741), which focused largely on matters concerning the peasantry and the villages in which they lived. It protected the farmer's ...
farmer's lung: a pulmonary disorder that results from the development of hypersensitivity to inhaled dust from moldy hay or other fodder. Its symptoms include a sudden onset of breathlessness, fever, a rapid heartbeat, cough (especially in the morning), copious production of phlegm, ...
Farmer, Fannie Merritt: American cookery expert, originator of what is today the renowned Fannie Farmer Cookbook.
Farmer, James: American civil rights activist who, as a leader of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), helped shape the civil rights movement through his nonviolent activism and organizing of sit-ins and Freedom Rides, which broadened popular support for passage of the ...
Farmer-Labor Party: in U.S. history (1918-44), a minor political party of Minnesotan small farmers and urban workers, which supported Robert M. La Follette in the 1924 presidential election and Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 and 1936. An outgrowth of the Nonpartisan League ...
farming: the practice of agriculture (q.v.). See also agricultural economics.
Farmington: city, San Juan county, northwestern New Mexico, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the San Juan, Animas, and La Plata rivers. Settled in 1876, when Indian lands were opened to homesteaders, it became a small farming community and distribution ...
Farmington: town (township), Hartford county, central Connecticut, U.S., on the Farmington River. Early settlement centred on the plantation of Tunxis (Tunxes; settled 1640), which was renamed for Farmington, England, and incorporated in 1645. After the American Revolution the town underwent an ...
Farmington: town, seat (1838) of Franklin county, west-central Maine, U.S. It lies along the Sandy River 38 miles (61 km) northwest of Augusta. The town includes the communities of Farmington, Farmington Falls, and West Farmington. Settled in the 1770s, it was ...
Farmington River: river, western Liberia. It is Liberia's only river of commercial importance. It rises in the Bong Range and flows south-southwest for 75 miles (120 km) to the Atlantic coast at Marshall, where the Gbage and Junk rivers join its estuary. ...
Farnaby, Giles: English composer of virginal music and madrigals who ranks with the greatest keyboard composers of his day.
Farne Islands: group of islets and reefs lying 1.5 to 6 miles (2.5 to 10 km) off the North Sea coast of Great Britain in the administrative and historic county of Northumberland, England. The islands are composed of resistant dolerite (lava) rocks. ...
Farnese Family: an Italian family that ruled the duchy of Parma and Piacenza from 1545 to 1731. Originating in upper Lazio, the family soon became noted through its statesmen and its soldiers, especially in the 14th and 15th centuries.
Farnese, Alessandro, Duke di Parma e Piacenza: regent of the Netherlands (1578-92) for Philip II, the Habsburg king of Spain. He was primarily responsible for maintaining Spanish control there and for perpetuating Roman Catholicism in the southern provinces (now Belgium). In 1586 he succeeded his father as ...
Farnese, Palazzo: Rome, important example of High Renaissance architecture designed by Antonio da Sangallo and built between 1517 and 1589. In 1546, when Sangallo died, leaving the building of the palace unfinished, Michelangelo was appointed by Pope Paul III, who was a ...
Farnese, Teatro: Italian Baroque theatre at Parma, Italy, the prototype of the modern playhouse and the first surviving theatre with a permanent proscenium arch. Construction on the Teatro Farnese was begun in 1618 by Giovanni Battista Aleotti for Ranuccio I Farnese, and ...
Farnham, Eliza Wood Burhans: American reformer and writer, an early advocate of the importance of rehabilitation as a focus of prison internment.
Farnsworth, Philo Taylor: American pioneer in the development of television.
Faro: southernmost city of Portugal, lying on the Atlantic coast near Cape Santa Maria. Held by the Moors from early in the 8th century until 1249, when it was recaptured by Afonso III, the city was the last Moorish stronghold in ...
Faro: one of the oldest gambling games played with cards, supposedly named from the picture of a pharaoh on French playing cards imported into Great Britain. A favourite of highborn gamblers throughout Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, ...
Faroe Islands: group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean between Iceland and the Shetland Islands. They form a self-governing region within the kingdom of Denmark. There are 17 inhabited islands and many islets and reefs. The main islands are Streym (Streymoy), ...