count of Holland (1256-96) and Zeeland, son of the German king William of Holland. Under him the territory of Holland greatly expanded and prospered. Floris succeeded his father as count of Holland when he was less than two years old ...
the most distinguished members of a family of Flemish artists. Their Antwerp workshops contributed significantly to the Northern Renaissance by disseminating 16th-century Italian art styles. Cornelis was an architect, sculptor, engraver, and medalist, while his brother Frans was a painter, ...
city, St. Louis county, east-central Missouri, U.S. A northern suburb of St. Louis, it lies in a valley near the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. Settled by the French in about 1785, it was called St. Ferdinand by ...
division of middle and upper Oligocene rocks in central Colorado, U.S. (The Oligocene Epoch lasted from 33.7 to 23.8 million years ago.) It overlies the White River Group. Named for the nearby town of Florissant (French: "flowering"), which was so ...
fossil-rich mountain valley in central Colorado, U.S. It is located in the Rocky Mountains west of Pikes Peak and Colorado Springs. The monument preserves the fossil beds of the Florissant Formation, which consist of light gray shales dating from the ...
any of six areas of the world recognized by plant geographers for their distinctive plant life. These regions, which coincide closely with the faunal regions (q.v.) as mapped by animal geographers, are often considered with them as biogeographic regions. The ...
historian of Rome and poet, important as the first of a number of African writers who, in the 2nd century, exercised considerable influence on Latin literature. He was also the first of the "new-fashioned" poets of Hadrian's reign, whose special ...
Nazi German concentration camp, established in 1937 in the market town of Flossenburg, near the Czech border in Bavaria, Germany. It was originally used for political prisoners but, by World War II, had become an important forced-labour centre, housing 30,000 ...
in mineral processing, method used to separate and concentrate ores by altering their surfaces to a hydrophobic or hydrophilic condition-that is, the surfaces are either repelled or attracted by water. The flotation process was developed on a commercial scale early ...
any of numerous species of flatfishes belonging to the families Pleuronectidae and Bothidae (order Pleuronectiformes). The flounder is morphogenetically unusual. When born it is bilaterally symmetrical, with an eye on each side, and it swims near the surface of the ...
finely ground cereal grains or other starchy portions of plants, used in various food products and as a basic ingredient of baked goods. Flour made from wheat grains is the most satisfactory type for baked products that require spongy structure. ...
(Ephestia, or Anagasta, kuehniella), species of insect belonging to the family Phycitidae (order Lepidoptera), a cosmopolitan pest of cereal products and other stored foods. Because they require vitamins A and B, the larvae cannot live on pure starch. They spin ...
graphical representation of a process, such as a manufacturing operation or computer operation, indicating the various steps that are taken as the product moves along the production line or the problem moves through the computer. Individual operations can be represented ...
the reproductive portion of any plant in the division Magnoliophyta (Angiospermae), commonly called flowering plants or angiosperms. As popularly used, the term "flower" especially applies when part or all of the reproductive structure is distinctive in colour and form.
any member of the insect family Anthocoridae (order Heteroptera), which numbers about 400 species. The flower bug is important because it feeds on aphids and aphid eggs, although several species suck human blood (e.g., the cosmopolitan Lectocoris campestris and the ...
any member of the beetle subfamily Cetoniinae (family Scarabaeidae, order Coleoptera). These insects, distributed worldwide, are brilliantly coloured, with the majority of the iridescent species occurring in the tropics. Most measure less than 12 mm (0.5 inch), although a few ...
American welfare worker, a leader in efforts to provide services for poor and dependent children, to expand the offerings of public education, and to establish a juvenile court system.
(Hibiscus trionum), annual plant of the mallow family (Malvaceae), native to central Africa. In North America it is sometimes cultivated for its attractive flowers; as a result it has often been naturalized and sometimes becomes a troublesome weed. The plant ...
any shrub of the genus Chaenomeles within the rose family (Rosaceae). The three known species are native to eastern Asia but cultivated in other regions for the flowers that appear early in the spring. The leaves are alternate, and the ...
any of 47 species belonging to the songbird family Dicaeidae, order Passeriformes, that have a double-tubed and brush-tipped tongue and finely serrated bill. Flowerpeckers occur in southern Asia, western Pacific islands, and Australia. They flit about, twittering, in trees and ...
mineral deposit found in "solution" caves in limestone. Flowing films of water that move along floors or down positive-sloping walls build up layers of calcium carbonate (calcite), gypsum, or other cave minerals. These minerals are dissolved in the water and ...
city, capital of the nomos (department) of Florina, western Macedonia, northwestern Greece. Originally a Byzantine foundation, it later passed to Ottoman control; by the 18th century, its population was chiefly Turkish and Albanian. In the 19th century, ...
brass musical instrument, the valved bugle used in European military bands. It has three valves, a wider bore than the cornet, and is usually pitched in B♭, occasionally in C. It was invented in Austria in the 1830s.
in physiology, a water-based liquid that contains the ions and cells essential to body functions and transports the solutes and products of metabolism.
any liquid or gas or generally any material that cannot sustain a tangential, or shearing, force when at rest and that undergoes a continuous change in shape when subjected to such a stress. This continuous and irrecoverable change of position ...
science concerned with the response of fluids to forces exerted upon them. It is a branch of classical physics with applications of great importance in hydraulic and aeronautical engineering, chemical engineering, meteorology, and zoology.
the technology of using the flow characteristics of liquid or gas to operate a control system (q.v.). One of the newest of the control technologies, fluidics has in recent years come to compete with mechanical and electrical systems.
any member of the invertebrate class Trematoda (phylum Platyhelminthes), a group of parasitic flatworms including nearly 6,000 species. Flukes occur worldwide and range in size from about 5 millimetres (0.2 inch) to several centimetres; most do not exceed 100 millimetres ...
river that rises in the Gennargentu Mountains in southeastern Sardinia, Italy, and flows 79 miles (127 km) west and southeast, entering the Tyrrhenian Sea near Muravera. The Ente Autonomo del Flumendosa, a dam and irrigation project, was established in 1946 ...
common phosphate mineral, a calcium fluoride phosphate, Ca5(PO4)3F. It occurs as minute, often green, glassy crystals in many igneous rocks, and also in magnetite deposits, high-temperature hydrothermal veins, and metamorphic rocks; it also occurs as collophane in marine deposits. For ...
organic compound of molecular formula C20H12O5 that has wide use as a synthetic colouring agent. It is prepared by heating phthalic anhydride and resorcinol over a zinc catalyst, and it crystallizes as a deep red powder with a melting point ...
process that records the glow or visible light given off by certain substances when they are irradiated by ultraviolet rays. The exclusively ultraviolet irradiation is accomplished by means of a filter at the light source; another filter, placed over the ...
electric discharge lamp, cooler and more efficient than incandescent lamps, that produces light by the fluorescence of a phosphor coating. A fluorescent lamp consists of a glass tube filled with a mixture of argon and mercury vapour. Metal electrodes at ...
condition in which fluoride is insufficient or is not utilized properly. Fluoride is a mineral stored in teeth and bones that strengthens them by aiding in the retention of calcium. Studies have determined that the enamel of sound teeth contains ...
common halide mineral, calcium fluoride (CaF2); the principal fluorine mineral. It is usually quite pure, but as much as 20 percent yttrium or cerium may replace calcium. Fluorite occurs most commonly as a glassy, many-hued vein mineral and is often ...
instrument consisting of a surface containing chemicals called phosphors that glow when struck by X rays or gamma rays; it is used to transform images made up of invisible radiations into visible light. In a procedure called fluoroscopy, a beam ...
chronic intoxication with fluorine (usually combined with some other element to form a fluoride) that results in changes in the skeleton and ossification of tendons and ligaments. Exposure to fluoride in optimum amounts (about one part per million of fluoride ...
northern section of the borough of Queens, New York City, U.S., at the head of Flushing Bay (East River). Settled in 1645 by English Nonconformists (who had probably been living at Vlissingen [Flushing], Holland), it became a Quaker centre under ...
wind instrument in which the sound is produced by a stream of air directed against a sharp edge, upon which the air breaks up into eddies that alternate regularly above and below the edge, setting into vibration the air enclosed ...
