duke of Brunswick-Luneburg and Prussian general field marshal who defended western Germany for his brother-in-law Frederick II the Great in the Seven Years' War (1756-63), protecting the Prussian flank from French attack, while Frederick fought the Austrians.
Holy Roman emperor (1558-64) and king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526, who, with his Peace of Augsburg (1555), concluded the era of religious strife in Germany following the rise of Lutheranism by recognizing the right of territorial princes to ...
king of the Two Sicilies (1816-25) who earlier (1759-1806), as Ferdinand IV of Naples, led his kingdom in its fight against the French Revolution and its liberal ideas. A relatively weak and somewhat inept ruler, he was greatly influenced by ...
second husband of Queen Maria II of Portugal, who proclaimed him king consort with the title of Ferdinand II upon the birth of their first son (the future Peter V) in 1837.
king of the Two Sicilies from 1830. He was the son of the future King Francis I and the Spanish infanta Maria Isabel, a member of the branch of the House of Bourbon that had ruled Naples and Sicily from ...
king of Aragon and king of Castile (as Ferdinand V) from 1479, joint sovereign with Queen Isabella I. (As Spanish ruler of southern Italy, he was also known as Ferdinand III of Naples and Ferdinand II of Sicily.) He united ...
Holy Roman emperor (1619-37), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (1617-19, 1620-27), and king of Hungary (1618-25). He was the leading champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule during the Thirty Years' War.
Holy Roman emperor who headed the so-called peace party at the Habsburg imperial court during the Thirty Years' War and ended that war in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia.
king of Castile from 1217 to 1252 and of Leon from 1230 to 1252 and conqueror of the Muslim cities of Cordoba (1236), Jaen (1246), and Sevilla (1248). During his campaigns, Murcia submitted to his son Alfonso (later Alfonso X), ...
elector of Bavaria (1651-79), son of Maximilian I. A minor when he succeeded, he did much to repair the wounds caused by the Thirty Years' War, encouraging agriculture and industries, and building or restoring numerous churches and monasteries. In 1669, ...
also spelled Firdawsi, Firdusi, or Firdousi, pseudonym of Abu Ol-qasem Mansur Persian poet, author of the Shah-nameh ("Book of Kings"), the Persian national epic, to which he gave its final and enduring form, although he based his poem mainly on ...
town, Frosinone provincia, Lazio (Latium) regione, central Italy. The town is situated on a hill that commands the Sacco valley and the Via Casilina (the ancient Roman road Via Latina), 46 miles (65 km) southeast of Rome. The ancient Ferentinum ...
city, eastern Uzbekistan. It lies at the foot of the Alay Mountains in the southern part of the Fergana Valley. It was founded by the Russians in 1877 as the military and administrative centre of the province of Fergana, formed ...
oblast (province) eastern Uzbekistan, with an area of 2,750 square miles (7,100 square km) in the southwestern Fergana valley. The climate is continental with hot summers and moderately cold winters. The south is irrigated by streams descending from the Alay ...
enormous depression between the Tien Shan and Gissar and Alay mountain systems, lying mainly in eastern Uzbekistan and partly in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. The roughly triangular valley has an area of 8,500 square miles (22,000 square km). It is bordered ...
city, seat (1872) of Otter Tail county, west-central Minnesota, U.S. It lies along the Otter Tail River in a lake area, about 115 miles (185 km) northwest of St. Cloud and about 25 miles (40 km) east of the Minnesota-North ...
historian and philosopher of the Scottish "common sense" school of philosophy who is remembered as a forerunner of modern sociology for his emphasis on social interactions.
early American writer, perhaps best remembered for her personal correspondence, journal, and salons and for her incongruously pro-British actions during the American Revolution.
Scottish conspirator and pamphleteer known as "the Plotter," who gave indiscriminate support to the opponents of Charles II and James II and then to the Jacobites against William III.
American cowboy who six times consecutively (1974-79) won the all-around cowboy title of the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (before 1975, the Rodeo Cowboys Association), breaking Larry Mahan's record of five consecutive titles (1966-70).
largest of the D'Entrecasteaux Islands, which are a part of Papua New Guinea. The island lies 30 miles (50 km) across Ward Hunt Strait from the southeastern tip of New Guinea, in the Solomon Sea, southwestern Pacific. It is separated ...
in Roman religion, the Festival of Jupiter Latiaris (Latialis), held in the spring and fall each year on Mons Albanus (Monte Cavo), in the Alban Hills near Rome. Apparently antedating the foundation of Rome, it eventually was observed by all ...
town, northern Cote d'Ivoire. It lies on the road and railroad from Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) to Abidjan. A trade centre (rice, millet, corn [maize], yams, and cotton) among the Senufo and Dyula farmers of the savanna, it is the site ...
American poet, one of the founders of the Beat movement (q.v.) in San Francisco in the mid-1950s. His City Lights bookshop was an early gathering place of the Beats, and the publishing arm of City Lights was the first to ...
relic river valley and region of interior northern Senegal. It lies south of the fertile valley of the Senegal River and the Fouta region and east of the peanut (groundnut) basin of the Western Plains. Ferlo is a dry, featureless ...
district, extreme southwestern Northern Ireland. Formerly a county, Fermanagh was established as a district (within the same boundaries) in 1973. It is bounded by the districts of Dungannon and Omagh to the northeast, and by the Republic of Ireland to ...
