Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Edirne ... Eeckhout, Gerbrand van den

Edirne: city, extreme western Turkey. It lies at the junction of the Tunca and Maritsa (Turkish: Meric) rivers near the borders of Greece and Bulgaria. The largest and oldest part of the town occupies a meander of the Tunca around the ...
Edirne, Treaty of: (Sept. 14, 1829), pact concluding the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-29, signed at Edirne (ancient Adrianople), Tur.; it strengthened the Russian position in eastern Europe and weakened that of the Ottoman Empire. The treaty foreshadowed the Ottoman Empire's future dependence on ...
Edison: township (town), northern Middlesex county, New Jersey, U.S., just northeast of New Brunswick. It is the site of Menlo Park, where the inventor Thomas A. Edison established his research laboratory in 1876. Part of Woodbridge and Piscataway townships before 1870, ...
Edison, Thomas Alva: American inventor who, singly or jointly, held a world record 1,093 patents. In addition, he created the world's first industrial research laboratory.
Edmer: English biographer of St. Anselm and historian whose accounts are a uniquely accurate and credible portrait of the 12th-century monastic community at Canterbury.
Edmond: city, Oklahoma county, central Oklahoma, U.S., immediately north of Oklahoma City. Writer Washington Irving visited the site now known as Edmond in 1832 and reported on it in A Tour on the Prairies. The town sprang up overnight in 1889, ...
Edmonds, Sarah: American soldier who fought, disguised as a man, in the Civil War.
Edmonton: city, capital of Alberta, Canada. It lies along the North Saskatchewan River, in the centre of the province. Edmonton traces its origin to Fort Edmonton, a Hudson's Bay Company fur-trading post built in 1795 at a site 20 miles (32 ...
Edmund: king of East Anglia (from 855).
Edmund I: king of the English (939-946), who recaptured areas of northern England that had been occupied by the Vikings.
Edmund II: king of the English from April 23 to Nov. 30, 1016, surnamed "Ironside" for his staunch resistance to a massive invasion led by the Danish king Canute.
Edmund of Abington, Saint: distinguished scholar, outspoken archbishop of Canterbury, one of the most virtuous and attractive figures of the English church, whose literary works strongly influenced subsequent spiritual writers in England. After studies at Oxford-where he took a vow of perpetual chastity-and at ...
Edmunds, George Franklin: U.S. senator and constitutional lawyer, who for a quarter of a century was a participant in the most important legislative developments of the time.
Edmundston: city, seat (1873) of Madawaska county, northwestern New Brunswick, Canada, at the junction of the St. John and Madawaska rivers, 177 miles (285 km) northwest of Fredericton. Settled by Acadians about 1785 as Petit-Sault (Little Falls), it was renamed in ...
Edo: state, southern Nigeria. It is bounded by the states of Kogi to the northeast and east, Anambra to the east, Delta to the southeast and south, and Ondo to the west and northwest; the Niger River flows along the state's ...
Edo: Japanese city that was renamed Tokyo at the Meiji Restoration (1868), when the imperial capital was moved there. In the 1590s Edo became the headquarters for Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Tokugawa shogunate and henceforth was Japan's political centre. See Tokyo.
Edo: people of southern Nigeria who speak a language of the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. The Edo numbered about 3.8 million at the turn of the 21st century. Their territory is west of the Niger River and extends ...
Edom: ancient land bordering ancient Israel, in what is now southwestern Jordan, between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. The Edomites probably occupied the area about the 13th century BC. Though closely related to the Israelites (according to the ...
Edson, Katherine Philips: American reformer and public official, a strong influence on behalf of woman suffrage and an important figure in securing and enforcing labour standards both in California and at the federal level.
education: discipline that is concerned, in this context, mainly with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like environments as opposed to various nonformal and informal means of socialization (e.g., rural development projects and education through parent-child relationships).
education novel: a genre popular in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in which a plan of education was set forth for a young person. The education novel was similar to the Bildungsroman but less well developed in terms of characters ...
education, history of: history of the evolution of the formal teaching of knowledge and skills, from prehistoric and ancient times to the present, in all parts of the world, and with the various philosophies that have inspired the resulting systems.
education, philosophy of: the field of inquiry, speculation, and application in which philosophical methods are applied to the study of a problem, topic, or issue in education. Characteristic of these methods is the attempt to think as accurately, clearly, coherently, and systematically as ...
educational psychology: theoretical and research branch of modern psychology, concerned with the learning processes and psychological problems associated with the teaching and training of students. The educational psychologist studies the cognitive development of students and the various factors involved in learning, including ...
educational system: the formal institutions, agencies, and organizations of a country that transmit knowledge and cultural heritage and that influence the social and intellectual growth of the individual. This generally includes legislation and policy making, administration, facility maintenance, curriculum planning, and teacher ...
Edward: king of England from 1042 to 1066. Although he was a listless, ineffectual monarch overshadowed by powerful nobles, his reputation for piety evidently preserved much of the dignity of the crown. His close ties to Normandy prepared the way for ...
Edward: king of Portugal whose brief reign (1433-38) witnessed a strengthening of the monarchy through reform of royal land-grant laws, a continuation of voyages of discovery, and a military disaster in Tangier.
Edward: Anglo-Saxon king in England, the son of Alfred the Great. As ruler of the West Saxons, or Wessex, from 899 to 924, Edward extended his authority over almost all of England by conquering areas that previously had been held by ...
Edward: son of King John de Balliol of Scotland and claimant to the title of King of Scots, who was crowned in September 1332. Expelled in December 1332, he was restored in 1333-56, having acknowledged Edward III of England as his ...
Edward: king of England from 975 to 978. His reign was marked by a reaction against the promonastic policies of his father and predecessor, King Edgar (reigned 959-975). Upon Edgar's death a faction sought to win the throne for his younger ...
Edward I: son of Henry III and king of England in 1272-1307, during a period of rising national consciousness. He strengthened the crown and Parliament against the old feudal nobility. He subdued Wales, destroying its autonomy; and he sought (unsuccessfully) the conquest ...
Edward II: king of England from 1307 to 1327. Although he was a man of limited capability, he waged a long, hopeless campaign to assert his authority over powerful barons.
Edward III: king of England from 1327 to 1377, who led England into the Hundred Years' War with France. The descendants of his seven sons and five daughters contested the throne for generations, climaxing in the Wars of the Roses (1455-85).
Edward III: play in five acts sometimes attributed to William Shakespeare, though without much evidence other than the resemblances of this play to Shakespeare's early history plays and an occasional passage. It was not included in the First Folio of 1623. A ...
Edward IV: king of England from 1461 until October 1470 and again from April 1471 until his death in 1483. He was a leading participant in the Yorkist-Lancastrian conflict known as the Wars of the Roses.
Edward The Black Prince: son and heir apparent of Edward III of England and one of the outstanding commanders during the Hundred Years' War, winning his major victory at the Battle of Poitiers (1356). His sobriquet, said to have come from his wearing black ...
Edward V: king of England from April to June 1483, who was deposed and possibly murdered by King Richard III.
Edward VI: king of England and Ireland from 1547 to 1553.
Edward VII: in full Albert Edward king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British dominions and emperor of India from 1901, an immensely popular and affable sovereign and a leader of society.
Edward VIII: prince of Wales (1911-36) and king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British dominions and emperor of India from Jan. 20 to Dec. 10, 1936, when he abdicated in order to marry Wallis Warfield ...
Edward, Lake: one of the great lakes of the Western Rift Valley in eastern Africa. It lies astride the border of Congo (Kinshasa) and Uganda at an elevation of 2,992 feet (912 m) and is 48 miles (77 km) long and 26 ...
Edwards, Alfred George: the first archbishop of Wales, who sought successfully to create a native church more reflective of Welsh culture than was the Anglican Church.
Edwards, John: U.S. senator who in 2004 was selected as the running mate of John Kerry, the Democratic Party's nominee for president.
Edwards, Jonathan: greatest theologian and philosopher of British American Puritanism, stimulator of the religious revival known as the "Great Awakening," and one of the forerunners of the age of Protestant missionary expansion in the 19th century.
Edwards, Jorge: Chilean writer, literary critic, and diplomat who gained notoriety with the publication of Persona non grata (1973; Eng. trans. Persona non grata), a memoir of his experiences as the Chilean ambassador to Cuba in the early 1970s. Critical of the ...
Edwards, Lewis: Welsh educator and minister of the Calvinistic Methodist Church of Wales whose literary and theological essays greatly influenced the development of Welsh culture.
Edwards, Sir Owen Morgan: Welsh writer and educator who greatly influenced the revival of Welsh literature and the development of Welsh national consciousness.
Edwards, Teresa: American basketball player, who was the most decorated player in the history of the U.S. national team. From her point-guard position, Edwards guided the U.S. national team to gold medals in 14 of 18 major international tournaments between 1981 and ...
Edwin: Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria from 616 to 632. He was the most powerful English ruler of his day and the first Christian king of Northumbria.
Edwin Smith papyrus: (c. 1600 BC), ancient Egyptian medical treatise, believed to be a copy of a work dating from c. 3000 BC. Apparently intended as a textbook on surgery, it begins with clinical cases of head injuries and works systematically down the ...
Eeckhout, Gerbrand van den: Dutch biblical, genre, and portrait painter, a gifted and favourite pupil of Rembrandt (1635-40), to whom he remained a close friend. His usual style is based so closely on that of his master that many of his pictures have passed ...