Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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eastern red cedar ... Ebner-Eschenbach, Marie, Baroness von

eastern red cedar: (Juniperus virginiana), an evergreen ornamental and timber tree of the cypress family (Cupressaceae), native to poor or limestone soils of eastern North America. An eastern red cedar is 12 to 15 m (about 40 to 50 feet) tall and 30 ...
Eastern Rift Valley: major branch of the East African Rift System (q.v.).
Eastern rite church: any of a group of Eastern Christian churches that trace their origins to various ancient national or ethnic Christian bodies in the East but have established union (hence Eastern rite churches were in the past often called Uniates) or canonical ...
Eastern Schelde: channel extending about 30 miles (50 km) northwestward through the Delta Islands in southwestern Netherlands to the North Sea. A former estuary of the Schelde River (as well as of the Meuse [Maas] River before completion in 1970 of a ...
Eastern Seaboard: region of the eastern United States, fronting the Atlantic Ocean and extending from Maine in the north to Florida in the south. Not merely a geographic term, the Eastern Seaboard is, historically, the part of the United States that was ...
Eastern Sudanic languages: a group of languages representing the most diverse of the major divisions within the Nilo-Saharan language family. These languages are spoken from southern Egypt in the north to Tanzania in the south and from Ethiopia and Eritrea in the east ...
Eastern Townships: region in southeastern Quebec, Canada, between the St. Lawrence lowlands and the U.S.-Canadian border and centred on Sherbrooke. It extends from Granby in the southwest to Lac-Megantic in the southeast and from Drummondville in the northwest to the Maine border ...
Eastern Woodlands Indian: member of any of the aboriginal North American peoples living in the area from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean and centring on the Great Lakes.
Eastham: town (township), Barnstable county, southeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It extends across the northern arm of Cape Cod and includes the village of North Eastham. In December 1620 a shore party of Mayflower Pilgrims landed at the Cape Cod ...
Eastlake, Charles Locke: English museologist and writer on art who gave his name to a 19th-century furniture style.
Eastlake, Sir Charles Lock: English Neoclassical painter who helped develop England's national collection of paintings.
Eastleigh: town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Hampshire, England. It lies north and east of Southampton, centred on the town of Eastleigh. The borough grew rapidly in the 19th century with the establishment of railway works. Eastleigh has ...
Eastmain River: river in Nord-du-Quebec region, western Quebec province, Canada, rising in the Otish Mountains of central Quebec, flowing nearly due west, and discharging into James Bay. Its course of about 500 miles (800 km) is interrupted by numerous falls and rapids. ...
Eastman Kodak Company: major American manufacturer of film, cameras, photographic supplies, and other imaging products and processing services. Headquarters are in Rochester, N.Y.
Eastman, Crystal: American lawyer, suffragist, and writer, a leader in early 20th-century feminist and civil liberties activism.
Eastman, George: American entrepreneur and inventor whose introduction of the first Kodak camera helped to promote amateur photography on a large scale.
Eastman, Mary Henderson: 19th-century American writer whose work on Native Americans, though coloured by her time and circumstance, was drawn from personal experience of her subjects.
Eastman, Max: American poet, editor, and prominent radical before and after World War I.
Easton: town, seat of Talbot county, eastern Maryland, U.S. It is situated in the tidewater region along the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay, near the head of Tred Avon River (estuary). It was settled by Quakers in 1682 and established as ...
Easton: city, seat (1752) of Northampton county, eastern Pennsylvania, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the Lehigh and Delaware rivers (bridged to Phillipsburg, New Jersey) and is part of the Lehigh Valley industrial complex that includes Allentown, Bethlehem, and Wilson.
Eastport: easternmost city of the United States, in Washington county, eastern Maine. It is situated on Moose Island, along Passamaquoddy Bay (bridged to the mainland) of the Atlantic Ocean, 126 miles (203 km) east of Bangor. Settled about 1780, it once ...
Eastwood, Clint: American motion-picture actor who emerged as one of the most popular Hollywood stars in the 1970s and went on to become a prolific and respected director-producer.
Eaton, Amos: American botanist, geologist, and lawyer who aroused widespread interest in science through his public lectures and inspired many students as a teacher and writer of textbooks.
Eaton, Cyrus S.: U.S.-Canadian industrialist and philanthropist, founder of the Republic Steel Corporation (1930).
Eaton, John, Jr.: American educator, second U.S. commissioner of education (1870-86), and first U.S. superintendent of schools for public schools in Puerto Rico.
Eaton, Margaret: woman whose marriage in 1829 to a prominent Democratic politician caused the famous "cabinet crisis" of U.S. President Andrew Jackson (in which Jackson dismissed his entire cabinet) and led eventually to the succession of Martin Van Buren as head of ...
Eaton, Theophilus: merchant who was cofounder and colonial governor of New Haven colony.
Eaton, William: U.S. Army officer and adventurer who in 1804 led an expedition across the Libyan Desert during the so-called Tripolitan War.
Eau Claire: city, Eau Claire and Chippewa counties, seat (1857) of Eau Claire county, west-central Wisconsin, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the Eau Claire ("Clear Water," so named by 18th-century French trappers and traders) and Chippewa rivers, 90 miles (150 ...
Ebadi, Shirin: Iranian lawyer, writer, and teacher, who received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 2003 for her efforts to promote democracy and human rights, especially those of women and children in Iran. She was the first Muslim woman and the first ...
Eban, Abba: foreign minister of Israel (1966-74) whose exceptional oratorical gifts in the service of Israel won him the widespread admiration of diplomats and increased support for his country from American Jewry.
ebb tide: seaward flow in estuaries or tidal rivers during a tidal phase of lowering water level. The reverse flow, occurring during rising tides, is called the flood tide. See tide.
Ebbinghaus, Hermann: German psychologist who pioneered in the development of experimental methods for the measurement of rote learning and memory.
Ebbo Of Reims: archbishop whose pioneering missions to the North helped prepare the ground for the Christianization of Denmark and who exercised significant influence on contemporary arts.
Ebbw Vale: industrial town, Blaenau Gwent county borough, historic county of Monmouthshire (Sir Fynwy), Wales. It first developed as a coal-mining centre. Iron was processed there beginning in the late 18th century, using local coal, ore, and limestone. Steel production began later. ...
Ebenales: ebony order of flowering plants, belonging to the class Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons; characterized by two seed leaves). It comprises five families, as many as 145 genera, and about 1,700 species of trees and shrubs, distributed chiefly in the tropics. Only three ...
Ebensee: town, Oberosterreich Bundesland (federal state), north-central Austria, where the Traun River enters Lake Traun in the Salzkammergut region, south of Gmunden. First cited in 1450, the town has saltworks dating from 1607. Overlooked by Feuer Peak (5,241 feet [1,598 m]) ...
Eberbach, Heinrich: German tank force commander in World War II.
Eberhard: duke of Franconia from 918.
Eberhard I: count, later 1st duke of Wurttemberg (from 1495), administrative and ecclesiastic reformer who laid the foundations for Wurttemberg's role in German history.
Eberhard, Johann August: German philosopher and lexicographer who defended the views of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz against those of Immanuel Kant and compiled a dictionary of the German language that remained in use for a century.
Eberhart, Richard: American poet and teacher who was noted for his lyric verse and for his mentorship of aspiring poets.
Ebers papyrus: Egyptian compilation of medical texts dated about 1550 BC, one of the oldest known medical works. The scroll contains 700 magical formulas and folk remedies meant to cure afflictions ranging from crocodile bite to toenail pain and to rid the ...
Eberswalde: city, Brandenburg Land (state), northeastern Germany. It lies in the Thorn-Eberswalder glacial valley, approximately 30 miles (50 km) northeast of Berlin. Occupation of the area from the early Bronze Age is attested by the discovery in 1913 ...
Ebert, Friedrich: leader of the Social Democratic movement in Germany and a moderate socialist, who was a leader in bringing about the constitution of the Weimar Republic, which attempted to unite Germany after its defeat in World War I. He was president ...
Ebetsu: city, Hokkaido, Japan, on the lower Ishikari River. It originated as a colonial farm village settled by 10 families from the island of Honshu in the early Meiji period (1868-1912). It is a satellite city of Sapporo with a well-planned ...
Ebionite: member of an early ascetic sect of Jews who followed Jesus of Nazareth. The Ebionites were one of several such sects that originated in and around Palestine in the first centuries AD and included the Nazarenes and Elkasites. The name ...
Ebisu: in Japanese mythology, one of the Shichi-fuku-jin ("Seven Gods of Luck"), the patron of fishermen and tradesmen. He is depicted as a fat, bearded, smiling fisherman often carrying a rod in one hand and a tai (sea bream-i.e., a red ...
Ebla: ancient city 33 miles (53 km) southwest of Aleppo in northwestern Syria. During the height of its power (c. 2600-2240 BC), Ebla dominated northern Syria, Lebanon, and parts of northern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) and enjoyed trade and diplomatic relations with ...
Eblaite language: archaic Semitic language, probably the most ancient to survive in substantial form, dating from the third quarter of the 3rd millennium BC. As a Northern Central Semitic language, Eblaite is affiliated with the Afro-Asiatic (formerly Hamito-Semitic) family of languages.
Ebner-Eschenbach, Marie, Baroness von: nee Dubsky Austrian novelist who portrayed life among both the poor and the aristocratic.