Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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eustachian tube ... Evans, Mari

eustachian tube: tube that extends from the middle ear to the pharynx (throat). About 3 to 4 centimetres (1.2-1.6 inches) long in humans and lined with mucous membrane, it is directed downward and inward from the tympanic cavity, or middle ear, to ...
Eustathius: bishop of Sebaste (now Sabastiyah, West Bank) and metropolitan of Roman Armenia noted for several extreme or heterodox theological positions.
Eustathius of Antioch, Saint: bishop of Antioch who opposed the followers of the condemned doctrine of Arius at the Council of Nicaea.
Eustathius Of Thessalonica: metropolitan (archbishop) of Thessalonica (c. 1175-94), humanist scholar, author, and Greek Orthodox reformer whose chronicles, oratory, and pedagogy show him to be one of medieval Byzantium's foremost men of learning.
Eusthenopteron: genus of extinct lobe-finned fishes (crossopterygians) preserved as fossils in rocks of the late Devonian Period (about 370 million years ago). Eusthenopteron was near the main line of evolution leading to the first terrestrial vertebrates, the tetrapods. ...
Eustis, Dorothy Leib Harrison Wood: American philanthropist and dog breeder whose work with German shepherds led her to establish and endow The Seeing Eye, Inc., and other groups for the training of guide dogs and their blind owners.
Eutaw Springs, Battle of: (September 8, 1781), American Revolution engagement fought near Charleston, South Carolina, between British troops under Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Stewart and American forces commanded by General Nathanael Greene. Greene wished to prevent Stewart from joining General Lord Cornwallis in the event ...
eutectic: the one mixture of a set of substances able to dissolve in one another as liquids that, of all such mixtures, liquefies at the lowest temperature. If an arbitrarily chosen liquid mixture of such substances is cooled, a temperature will ...
Euterpe: in Greek religion, one of the nine Muses, patron of tragedy or flute playing. In some accounts she was the mother of Rhesus, the king of Thrace, killed in the Trojan War, whose father was sometimes identified as Strymon, the ...
euthanasia: act or practice of painlessly putting to death persons suffering from painful and incurable disease or incapacitating physical disorder. Because there is no specific provision for it in most legal systems, it is usually regarded as either suicide (if performed ...
Euthydemus: king of Bactria. At first he was probably a satrap (governor) of the Bactrian king Diodotus II, whom he later killed and whose throne he usurped. In 208 he was attacked by the Seleucid king Antiochus III, and a long ...
Euthymides: Athenian red-figure vase painter, a contemporary and perhaps rival of Euphronius. He is admired for his explorations in foreshortening and for his studies in movement, departures from Archaic convention.
Euthymius I: Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople, monk, and theologian, a principal figure in the Tetragamy (Fourth Marriage) controversy of the Byzantine emperor Leo VI the Wise.
Euthymius Of Turnovo: Orthodox patriarch of Turnovo, near modern Sofia, monastic scholar and linguist whose extensive literary activity spearheaded the late medieval renaissance in Bulgaria and erected the theological and legal bases for the Orthodox churches of Eastern Europe.
Euthymius The Great, Saint: ascetic and one of the great fathers of Eastern Orthodox monasticism, who established religious communities throughout Palestine.
Euthymius The Hagiorite: Georgian Ekvthime Mthatzmideli (Euthymius of the Holy Mountain) monastic leader, scholar, and writer whose propagation of Greek culture and Eastern Orthodox tradition generated the golden age of Georgian education and literature.
Eutin: town, Schleswig-Holstein Land (state), northeastern Germany. Surrounded by lakes, it lies about 30 miles (50 km) north of Lubeck. The town was founded as a border post during the frontier wars between the Germans and the Wends, ...
eutrophication: the gradual increase in the concentration of phosphorus, nitrogen, and other plant nutrients in an aging aquatic ecosystem such as a lake. The productivity or fertility of such an ecosystem increases as the amount of organic material that can be ...
Eutropius: eunuch who became the most powerful figure in the Eastern Roman Empire under the emperor Arcadius (Eastern ruler 383-408).
Eutropius of Saintes, Saint: early Christian bishop-missionary to Gaul, who was martyred by the Romans.
Eutyches: revered archimandrite, or monastic superior, in the Eastern Church, at Constantinople, who is regarded as the founder of Eutychianism, an extreme form of the Monophysite heresy that emphasizes the exclusive prevalence of the divinity in Christ.
Eutychian: a follower of the 4th-5th-century monk Eutyches (q.v.), who advocated a type of Monophysitism, a belief that Christ had only one nature (see Monophysite). The doctrine of Eutychianism is considered heretical by the Roman Catholic Church.
Eutychian, Saint: pope from 275 until his death. He succeeded Pope St. Felix I. Fragments of his original Greek epitaph were discovered in the catacombs of Callistus, Rome, but nothing more is known of him.
Eutychides Of Sicyon: Greek sculptor, who was a pupil of Lysippus. His most noted work was a statue of "Fortune," which he made for the city of Antioch (founded 300 BC). The goddess, who embodies the idea of the city, was represented seated ...
Euwe, Max: Dutch chess master who won the world championship (1935) from Alexander Alekhine and lost it to Alekhine in a return match (1937). See the table of world chess champions.
euxenite: complex oxide mineral, a niobate-titanate that forms hard, brilliant black crystals and masses in granite pegmatites and associated detrital deposits. Titanium replaces niobium-tantalum in the molecular structure to form the similar mineral polycrase; both it and euxenite often contain rare ...
Evagoras: king of Salamis, in Cyprus, c. 410-374 BC, whose policy was one of friendship with Athens and the promotion of Hellenism in Cyprus; he eventually fell under Persian domination.
Evagrius Ponticus: Christian mystic and writer whose development of a theology of contemplative prayer and asceticism laid the groundwork for a tradition of spiritual life in both Eastern and Western churches.
Evander: in classical mythology, a migrant from Pallantium in Arcadia (central part of the Peloponnesus) who settled in Italy and founded a town named Pallantion, after his native place. The site of the town, at Rome, became known as the Palatine ...
Evangelical Alliance: British-based association of Christian churches, societies, and individuals that is active in evangelical work. It was organized in London in 1846 at an international conference of Protestant religious leaders after preliminary meetings had been held by Anglican and other British ...
Evangelical and Reformed Church: Protestant church in the United States, organized in 1934 by uniting the Reformed Church in the United States and the Evangelical Synod of North America. The church brought together churches of Reformed and Lutheran background. It accepted the Heidelberg Catechism ...
Evangelical church: any of the classical Protestant churches or their offshoots, but especially in the late 20th century, churches that stress the preaching of the gospel of Jesus Christ, personal conversion experiences, Scripture as the sole basis for faith, and active evangelism ...
Evangelical Church in Germany, The: federation of Lutheran, Reformed, and United (a combination of Lutheran and Reformed) territorial churches in Germany. Organized in 1948 after the difficult years of the Nazi era (1933-45), it helped the German Protestant churches restore themselves, and it reestablished relations ...
Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren: denomination organized in 1918 by uniting the Lutheran and Reformed churches in Bohemia and Moravia (now Czech Republic). Subsequently, other smaller Czech Protestant groups merged into this church. Its roots go back to the 16th-century Protestant Reformation and to the ...
Evangelical Free Church of America: fellowship of independent Christian churches in the United States that was organized in 1950 and that developed from several free-church groups made up of members of Scandinavian descent. The Swedish Evangelical Free Mission (later renamed Swedish Evangelical Free Church) was ...
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America: the largest Lutheran church in North America. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America was formed in 1988 by the merger of two major Lutheran denominations, the American Lutheran Church and the Lutheran Church in America, along with the much smaller ...
Evangelical Lutheran People's Church of Denmark: the established, state-supported church in Denmark. Lutheranism was established in Denmark during the Protestant Reformation.
Evangelical United Brethren Church: Protestant church formed in 1946 by the merger of the Evangelical Church and the Church of the United Brethren in Christ. Both of these churches were essentially Methodist in doctrine and church government, and both originated among German-speaking people in ...
Evans, Alice: American scientist whose landmark work on pathogenic bacteria in dairy products was central in gaining acceptance of the pasteurization process to prevent disease.
Evans, Bill: American jazz pianist whose lush harmonies and lyrical improvisation so influenced other jazz pianists of the 1960s and '70s that it became the single most influential style since that of Bud Powell 10 years earlier.
Evans, Caradoc: Anglo-Welsh author whose bitter criticism of the Welsh religious and educational systems and the miserliness and narrowness of the Welsh people provoked a strong reaction within Wales.
Evans, Chick: American amateur golfer known for his longevity in competition and for his Evans Scholars Foundation, which offers college scholarships to caddies. Evans himself began his golf career as a caddie and began to attract attention as a player about 1906. ...
Evans, Dame Edith: one of the finest actresses of the English-speaking stage during the 20th century.
Evans, Frederick H.: English photographer whose studies of cathedrals in England and France are considered among the world's finest architectural photographs.
Evans, George Henry: American pro-labour social reformer and newspaper editor who sought to enhance the position of workers by agitating for free homesteads.
Evans, George William: English surveyor and explorer notable for his discoveries in the interior of New South Wales, Australia.
Evans, Gil: Canadian-born composer and arranger who was one of the finest orchestrators in jazz.
Evans, Janet: American swimmer, known for her exceptional speed, who won four Olympic gold medals.
Evans, John: governor of Colorado Territory, 1862-65, founder of Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.), physician, and railroad promoter.
Evans, Lee: American runner who won two gold medals at the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City. His victory in the 400-metre event there set a world record that lasted for two decades.
Evans, Mari: African-American author of poetry, children's literature, and plays.