Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Etosha Pan ... Eugenius IV

Etosha Pan: extremely flat salt pan, northern Namibia, covering an area of approximately 1,900 square miles (4,800 square km) at an elevation of about 3,400 feet (1,030 m). This enormous expanse of salt, glimmering green in the dry season, is the largest ...
etrog: one of four species of plants used during the Jewish celebration of Sukkoth (Feast of Booths), a festival of gratitude to God for the bounty of the earth that is celebrated in autumn at the end of the harvest festival. ...
Etruscan: member of an ancient people of Etruria, in Italy (between the Tiber and Arno rivers west and south of the Apennines), whose urban civilization reached its height in the 6th century BC. Many features of Etruscan culture were adopted by ...
Etruscan alphabet: . It is known to modern scholars from more than 10,000 inscriptions.
Etruscan language: language isolate spoken by close neighbours of the ancient Romans. The Romans called the Etruscans Etrusci or Tusci; in Greek they were called Tyrsenoi or Tyrrhenoi; in Umbrian and Italic language their name can be found in the adjective
Etterbeek: municipality, Brabant province, central Belgium. First mentioned in the early 12th century, Etterbeek is one of the 19 suburban communes that, with Brussels proper, make up Greater Brussels. Primarily industrial, it has chemical, clothing, metalwork, machinery, and furniture manufacturing. There ...
Ettlingen: city, Baden-Wurttemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany, on the Alb River, just south of Karlsruhe.
Etty, William: one of the last of the English academic history painters.
etude: (French: "study"), in music, originally a study or technical exercise, later a complete and musically intelligible composition exploring a particular technical problem in an esthetically satisfying manner. Although a number of didactic pieces date from earlier times, including vocal solfeggi ...
etymology: the history of a word or word element, including its origins and derivation. Although the etymologizing of proper names appears in the Old Testament and Plato dealt with etymology in his dialogue Cratylus, lack of knowledge of other languages and ...
eubacterium: any of a group of true bacteria, one of two major groups of prokaryotic organisms. The other group, the archaebacteria, are as different from eubakteria as either is from the eukaryotes. The division of the bacteria into two groups has ...
Euboea: island, the largest in Greece, after Crete. In the Aegean Sea, it forms with the island of Skyros to the northwest, the nomos (department) of Euboea, whose capital is Chalcis. Recognized geographically as part of the Greek ...
Euboea, Gulf of: arm of the Aegean Sea, between the island of Euboea (northeast) and the Greek mainland (southwest). Trending northwest-southeast, the gulf is divided by the narrow Strait of Euripus, at the town of Chalcis (Khalkis). The northern part is about 50 ...
Eubulides Of Miletus: a member of the Megarian school of philosophy in Athens and renowned as an inventor of logical paradoxes, the most famous of which is "The Liar" ("Does a man who says that he is now lying, speak truly?"). He was ...
Eubulus: Athenian statesman noted for his able financial administration.
Eucalyptus: large genus of mostly very large trees, of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), native to Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, and nearby islands. More than 500 species have been described. In Australia the eucalypti are commonly known as gum trees or stringybark ...
Eucharist: a Christian sacrament commemorating the action of Jesus at his Last Supper with his disciples, when he gave them bread saying, "This is my body," and wine saying, "This is my blood." The story of the institution of the Eucharist ...
Euchre: card game that in the late 1800s was the most popular family card game in the United States, mainly as the partnership game for four.
Eucken, Rudolf Christoph: German Idealist philosopher, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature (1908), interpreter of Aristotle, and author of works in ethics and religion.
Eucla Basin: artesian depression in Western Australia and South Australia, Australia. Sloping southward to the Great Australian Bight and underlying the enormous limestone waste of the Nullarbor Plain, its area is about 69,500 sq mi (180,000 sq km). Composed of two aquifers, ...
Euclid: the most prominent mathematician of Greco-Roman antiquity, best known for his treatise on geometry, the Elements.
Euclid: city, Cuyahoga county, northeastern Ohio, U.S., on Lake Erie, just northeast of Cleveland. The original township area was settled in 1798 and was named for the famous Greek mathematician by the surveyors who arrived with Moses Cleaveland, an agent of ...
Euclidean algorithm: procedure for finding the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two numbers, described by the Greek mathematician Euclid in his Elements (c. 300 BC). The method is computationally efficient and, with minor modifications, is still used by computers.
Euclidean geometry: the study of plane and solid figures on the basis of axioms and theorems employed by the Greek mathematician Euclid (c. 300 BC). In its rough outline, Euclidean geometry is the plane and solid geometry commonly taught in secondary schools. ...
Eucommiales: order of dicotyledonous flowering plants comprising the single species Eucommia ulmoides (family Eucommiaceae). It is an elmlike tree of central and eastern China notable as a woody plant of temperate regions with milky latex from which rubber can be produced.
Eucratides: king of Bactria, who reigned from c. 170/165 to c. 159 BC. Little is known of his reign. According to some scholars, he was a cousin of the Seleucid king Antiochus IV and assumed power in Bactria as the result ...
eucrite: rock that contains 30 to 35 percent calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar (bytownite or anorthite), as well as augite, hypersthene, pigeonite, and olivine. The name was given (1863) by Gustav Rose to stony meteorites of this composition (see achondrite), but it has ...
Eucryphia: genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, constituting the family Eucryphiaceae, with about five species native to Australia and Chile. They are planted in warm regions for their foliage and showy camellia-like cream-white flowers, which appear in late summer and fall.
Eucumbene, Lake: one of Australia's largest reservoirs (capacity 3,890,000 acre-feet [4,798,000,000 cubic m], surface area 56 square miles [145 square km]), the major storage facility of the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Scheme, in the Eastern Highlands, New South Wales, 55 miles (88 km) ...
eudaemonism: in ethics, a self-realization theory that makes happiness or personal well-being the chief good for man. The Greek word eudaimonia means literally "the state of having a good indwelling spirit, a good genius"; and "happiness" is not at all an ...
Eudemus Of Rhodes: Greek philosopher who was a pupil of Aristotle and a friend of Theophrastus.
Eudes: count of Paris and the first king of the West Franks (France) who was not of Merovingian or Carolingian blood.
Eudes, Saint John: founder of the Congregation of Jesus and Mary (Eudist Fathers), an order dedicated to the training of candidates for the priesthood and to the preaching of missions.
Eudocia: wife of the Eastern Roman emperor Theodosius II. She was a highly cultured woman who exercised great influence over her husband until her withdrawal from Constantinople.
Eudocia Macrembolitissa: Byzantine empress and, in 1067 and 1071, regent, who has been called the wisest woman of her time.
Eudoxia: wife of, and a powerful influence over, the Eastern Roman emperor Arcadius (reigned 383-408).
Eudoxia: tsarina and first wife of Peter I the Great of Russia.
Eudoxus of Cnidus: Greek mathematician and astronomer who substantially advanced proportion theory, contributed to the identification of constellations and thus to the development of observational astronomy in the Greek world, and established the first sophisticated, geometrical model of celestial motion. He also wrote ...
Eudoxus Of Cyzicus: Greek navigator and explorer who made the first known attempt to circumnavigate Africa from western Europe. Following two successful voyages to India from the Red Sea for the king of Egypt, Ptolemy Euergetes II, he went to Gades, present-day Cadiz, ...
Eufaula: city, Barbour county, southeastern Alabama, U.S. It lies on the Chattahoochee River (dammed south of the city to form the Walter F. George Reservoir [or Lake Eufaula]), at the Georgia state line, about 90 miles (145 km) southeast of Montgomery. ...
Eufaula: city, seat (1907) of McIntosh county, east-central Oklahoma, U.S., near the confluence of the Canadian and North Canadian rivers, southwest of Muskogee. It originated as a Creek settlement and trading post and was named for a Creek town on the ...
Eugene: city, seat (1853) of Lane county, western Oregon, U.S., on the Willamette River, adjoining Springfield to the east. The area around what became Eugene was inhabited for several centuries by Kalapuya Indians. Settled by Eugene Skinner in 1846, the city ...
Eugene Of Savoy: field marshal and statesman of the Carignan line of the House of Savoy, who, in the service of the Austrian Holy Roman emperor, made his name as one of the greatest soldiers of his generation. He fought notably against the ...
Eugenia: large genus of chiefly tropical, mostly aromatic, evergreen shrubs and trees of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae). The leaves are opposite; the flowers are solitary or in small clusters. The fruit is an edible berry, usually tart, and is commonly made ...
eugenics: the study of human improvement by genetic means.
Eugenie: wife of Napoleon III and empress of France (1853-70), who came to have an important influence on her husband's foreign policy.
Eugenikos, Markos: Greek Orthodox metropolitan of Ephesus (near modern Selcuk, Tur.) and theologian who led the anti-unionist party in the Eastern Orthodox Church following the Council of Florence, Italy (1439).
Eugenius I, Saint: pope from 654 to 657. He was elected while his predecessor, Pope St. Martin I, was still alive in exile. Later, in a letter of September 655, Martin acknowledged Eugenius to be the legitimate pope. The Byzantine emperor Constans II ...
Eugenius II: pope from 824 to 827. He was a cardinal priest when chosen as successor to St. Paschal I. In 824 Eugenius received the Holy Roman co-emperor Lothair I, who had come to Rome to issue the Constitutio Romana that affirmed ...
Eugenius III, Blessed: pope from 1145 to 1153.
Eugenius IV: original name Gabriele Condulmer pope from 1431 to 1447.