English soldier and courtier famous for his relationship with Queen Elizabeth I (reigned 1558-1603). While still a young man, Essex succeeded his stepfather, Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester (died 1588), as the aging queen's favourite; for years she put up ...
English nobleman who commanded, with notable lack of success, the Parliamentary army against Charles I's forces in the first three years of the English Civil Wars.
English soldier who led an unsuccessful colonizing expedition to the Irish province of Ulster from 1573 to 1575. The atrocities he committed there contributed to the bitterness the Irish felt toward the English.
dark gray to black, fine-grained, intrusive igneous rock that occurs in Essex County, Mass.; at Mount Royal, near Montreal; near Oslo, Nor.; at Roztoky, Czech Republic; and at Carclout, Scot. It contains plagioclase as the dominant feldspar, as well as ...
city, Baden-Wurttemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies along the Neckar River, just southeast of Stuttgart. Mentioned in 777 as Cella and in 866 as Hetsilinga, it was chartered about 1219. It was a free imperial city ...
a church recognized by law as the official church of a state or nation and supported by civil authority. Though not strictly created by a legal contract, the legal establishment is more like a contractual entity than like anything else ...
influential newspaper published daily in Sao Paulo, Brazil's largest city. O Estado is widely respected for its thorough coverage of national and international news, its publication of the texts of speeches of important government officials, and other matter usually found ...
(Portuguese: "New State"), the dictatorship (1937-45) of President Getulio Vargas of Brazil, initiated by a new constitution issued in November 1937. Vargas himself wrote it with the assistance of his minister of justice, Francisco Campos.
courtly dance of the 12th-14th century. Mentioned in trouvere poetry, it was probably danced with sliding steps by couples to the music of vielles (medieval viols); its afterdance was the saltarello. In musical form the estampie derives from the sequence, ...
in the Rio de la Plata region of Argentina and Uruguay, an extensive rural estate largely devoted to cattle ranching and to some extent to the raising of feed grain.
levy on the value of property changing hands at the death of the owner, fixed mainly by reference to its total value. Estate tax is generally applied only to estates evaluated above a statutory amount and is applied at graduated ...
in France of the pre-Revolutionary monarchy, the representative assembly of the three "estates," or orders of the realm: the clergy and nobility-which were privileged minorities-and a Third Estate, which represented the majority of the people.
French writer, known for his novels of character. He was by profession an engineer and ended his career as inspector general of telegraphs. He was elected (1923) to the Academie Francaise.
town and episcopal see of Padova province, in the Veneto region of northern Italy at the southern foot of the Colli (hills) Euganei southwest of Padua. Known in antiquity as Ateste (q.v.), it was for long the principal seat of ...
princely family of Lombard origin that played a great part in the history of medieval and Renaissance Italy. It first came to the front in the wars between the Guelfs and Ghibellines during the 13th century. As leaders of the ...
partido (county) at the southern limits of Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina, in Buenos Aires provincia. Created in 1913 from portions of the partidos of Lomas de Zamora and San Vicente, Esteban Echeverria is an agricultural (and, more recently, low-income suburban) ...
one of the best-known costumbristas, Spanish writers who depicted in short articles the typical customs of the people. He moved to Madrid in 1830, where he published newspaper articles under the pseudonym El Solitario and pursued a career that combined ...
city, northwestern Nicaragua. It lies along the Esteli River in the central highlands, at an elevation of 2,674 feet (815 m). A Spanish settlement founded near prehistoric carved-stone figures, it was a scene of heavy fighting between Sandinista guerrillas and ...
any of a class of organic compounds that react with water to produce alcohols and organic or inorganic acids. Esters derived from carboxylic acids are the most common.
town, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada. It lies in the Qu'Appelle River valley, 132 miles (212 km) east of Regina. It is named after Count Paul Otto d'Esterhazy (1830-1912), a French-Hungarian nobleman who promoted settlement in the area. Esterhazy is a marketing ...
town, Larimer county, north-central Colorado, U.S. The original town site lies in a large natural meadow (locally called a park) surrounded by a mixed coniferous-deciduous forest. It is situated in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, at an elevation ...
city, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada. It lies along the Souris River at the latter's junction with Long Creek, just north of the North Dakota (U.S.) border, 125 miles (201 km) southeast of Regina. It was settled in 1892 with the arrival ...
Old Testament book that belongs to the third section of the Judaic biblical canon, known as the Ketuvim, or "Writings." In the Jewish Bible, Esther follows Ecclesiastes and Lamentations and is read on the festival of Purim (q.v.), which commemorates ...
city, seat (1859) of Emmet county, northern Iowa, U.S. The city lies along the West Fork Des Moines River, 90 miles (145 km) northwest of Fort Dodge. The site was settled in 1857 shortly after the nearby Spirit Lake Massacre ...
scholar-printer, grandson of Henri Estienne, founder of the family printing firm in Paris, and son of Robert I Estienne, who left Paris to establish a printing firm in Geneva.
in statistics, any of numerous procedures used to calculate the value of some property of a population from observations of a sample drawn from the population. A point estimate, for example, is the single number most likely to express the ...
country in northeastern Europe, the northernmost of the three Baltic states. It is bounded on the west and north by the Baltic Sea and on the east by Lake Peipus (Peipsi; Russian: Chudskoye Ozero) and the Narva River; it is ...
member of the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic language family, spoken in Estonia and in scattered pockets in surrounding regions. The language occurs in two major dialectal forms, northern and southern; the northern, or Tallinn, dialect is the basis of ...
body of writings in the Estonian language. The consecutive domination of Estonia from the 13th century to 1918 by Germany, Sweden, and Russia resulted in few early literary works in the vernacular. Writings in Estonian became significant only in the ...
fashionable resort, western Portugal. It is located on Cascais Bay (the Portuguese Riviera) of the Atlantic Ocean, 15.5 miles (25 km) west of Lisbon. Tourism is the economic mainstay of the town, which is both a summer and winter resort. ...
French diplomat and parliamentarian who devoted most of his life to the cause of international cooperation and in 1909 was cowinner (with Auguste-Marie-Francois Beernaert) of the Nobel Prize for Peace.
jurist and politician who became dictator and ruled Guatemala for the first two decades of the 20th century through a standing army, secret police, and systematic oppression.
highest mountains of Portugal. The range lies in the north-central part of the country, between the basins of the Tagus and Mondego rivers. The western continuation of the Central Sierras (Sistema Central) of Spain, the range runs about 40 miles ...
historic coastal province of central Portugal that contained Lisbon and the Tagus River estuary. The landforms of Estremadura are geologically younger than other parts of the Iberian Peninsula, containing sandstone, limestone, and volcanic rock instead of granite and schist. The ...
city and concelho (township), Evora distrito ("district"), eastern Portugal. An ancient, gated city, it is overlooked by a 13th-century castle, in which St. Isabella of Portugal, widow of King Dinis, died in 1336. Estremoz was an important base for the ...
songbird family, order Passeriformes, consisting of about 130 species of waxbills and other small finchlike birds of the Old World, many of which are favourite cage birds.
any of a group of hormones that primarily influence the female reproductive tract in its development, maturation, and function. There are three major hormones-estradiol, estrone, and estriol-among the estrogens, estradiol being the predominant one. The major sources of estrogens are ...
the period in the sexual cycle of female mammals, except the higher primates, during which they are in heat-i.e., ready to accept a male and to mate. One or more periods of estrus may occur during the breeding season of ...
partly enclosed coastal body of water in which river water is mixed with seawater. In a general sense, the estuarine environment is defined by salinity boundaries rather than by geographic boundaries. Many coastal features that are designated by other names ...
(Celtic: "Lord," or "Master"), powerful Celtic deity, one of three mentioned by the Roman poet Lucan in the 1st century AD; the other two were Taranis ("Thunderer") and Teutates ("God of the People"). Esus' victims, according to later commentators, were ...
town, Komarom-Esztergom megye (county), northwestern Hungary. It is a river port on the Danube River (which at that point forms the frontier with Slovakia) and lies 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Budapest. The various forms of its name all ...
