Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Enschede ... envoi

Enschede: gemeente (municipality), eastern Netherlands, on the Twente Canal, near the German border, comprising the villages of Lonneker, Glanerbrug, and Boekelo and the town of Enschede. Chartered in 1325, it was a small village until the industrial development ...
Ensenada: city, northwestern Baja California Norte state, northwestern Mexico. It is on Bahia (bay) Todos Santos of the Pacific Ocean, 43 ft (13 m) above sea level. The climate is cool and dry. Ensenada, the third largest city in Baja California ...
Ensenada, Zenon de Somodevilla y Bengoechea, marques de la: Spanish statesman who, as prime minister from 1743 to 1754, pursued a vigorous reform policy that succeeded in advancing internal prosperity and promoting military strength.
ensi rug: floor covering, usually about 1.4 × 1.5 metres (4.5 feet × 5 feet), of a type apparently woven by all Turkmen tribes, with enough similarity in format to suggest that they are all descended from the same basic design. The ...
ensign wasp: any member of the insect family Evaniidae (order Hymenoptera), so called because the small, oval abdomen is held high like an ensign, or flag. A few hundred species of this widely distributed family have been described.
Ensor, James, Baron: Belgian painter and printmaker whose works are known for their bizarre fantasy and sardonic social commentary.
enstatite: common silicate mineral in the pyroxene family. It is the stable form of magnesium silicate (MgSiO₃, often with up to 10 percent iron) at low temperatures. See orthopyroxene.
Ensuhkeshdanna: legendary ruler of the ancient Sumerian city-state of Aratta and rival of the king of Uruk (Erech), Enmerkar.
entablature: in architecture, assemblage of horizontal moldings and bands supported by and located immediately above the columns of Classical buildings or similar structural supports in non-Classical buildings.
entail: in feudal English law, an interest in land bound up inalienably in the grantee and then forever to his direct descendants. A basic condition of entail was that if the grantee died without direct descendants the land reverted to the ...
Entamoeba: protozoan genus of the rhizopodian order Amoebida. Most species are parasitic in the intestines of many vertebrates, including humans; E. histolytica is the cause of human amebic dysentery. The cell nucleus, which is distinctive for the genus, contains a central ...
entasis: in architecture, the convex curve given to a column, spire, or similar upright member, in an attempt to correct the optical illusion of hollowness or weakness that would arise from normal tapering. Entasis is almost universal in Classical columns. Exaggerated ...
Entebbe: city, south-central Uganda, eastern Africa, at the end of a peninsula jutting into Lake Victoria 21 miles (34 km) south of Kampala. Founded as a garrison post in 1893, it served as the British administrative centre of Uganda until 1958. ...
Entebbe raid: (July 3-4, 1976), rescue by an Israeli commando squad of 103 hostages from a French jet airliner en route from Israel to France that, after stopping at Athens, had been hijacked on June 27 by Palestinian terrorists and flown to ...
entelechy: (from Greek entelecheia), in philosophy, that which realizes or makes actual what is otherwise merely potential. The concept is intimately connected with Aristotle's distinction between matter and form, or the potential and the actual. He analyzed each thing into the ...
Entente Cordiale: (April 8, 1904), Anglo-French agreement that, by settling a number of controversial matters, ended antagonisms between Great Britain and France and paved the way for their diplomatic cooperation against German pressures in the decade preceding World War I (1914-18). The ...
enteritis: inflammation of the intestines (especially of the small intestine), caused by irritants, poisons, viral or bacterial infections, or unknown factors. The symptoms are extremely variable but usually include continuous or intermittent diarrhea, occasionally bloody, accompanied by painful abdominal cramps. Fever ...
enterocoelomate: any animal in which the body cavity (coelom) arises in the embryonic stage as an outpocketing of the developing gut (enteron). This form of development, found in echinoderms (e.g., starfishes, sea urchins) and a few other invertebrate phyla and in ...
enterogastrone: a hormone secreted by the duodenal mucosa when fatty food is in the stomach or small intestine; it is also thought to be released when sugars and proteins are in the intestine. Enterogastrone is transported by the bloodstream to the ...
enterokinase: proteolytic enzyme (q.v.), secreted from the duodenal mucosa, that changes the inactive pancreatic secretion trypsinogen into trypsin, one of the enzymes that digest proteins. Enterokinase is believed to be produced by the glands of Brunner in the membrane lining of ...
Enterprise: city, Coffee county, southeastern Alabama, U.S., about 90 miles (145 km) southeast of Montgomery. It was founded in 1881 by John Henry Carmichael near the community of Drake Eye. In 1882 the post office was moved from Drake Eye to ...
enterprise unionism: the organization of a single trade union within one plant or multiplant enterprise rather than within a craft or industry. It is especially prevalent in Japan, where nearly all Japanese unions, representing the vast majority of union membership, are of ...
enthalpy: the sum of the internal energy and the product of the pressure and volume of a thermodynamic system. Enthalpy is an energy-like property or state function-it has the dimensions of energy, and its value is determined entirely by the temperature, ...
enthymeme: in syllogistic, or traditional, logic, name of a syllogistic argument that is incompletely stated. In the argument "All insects have six legs; therefore, all wasps have six legs," the minor premise, "All wasps are insects," is suppressed. Any one of ...
Entisol: one of the 12 soil orders in the U.S. Soil Taxonomy. Entisols are soils defined by the absence or near absence of horizons (layers) that clearly reflect soil-forming processes. Occupying just under 11 percent of the nonpolar continental land surface ...
entodiniomorph: any ciliated protozoan of the order Entodiniomorphida. They are harmless parasites in the rumen and intestines of cattle, horses, and other herbivores. Entodiniomorphs are common and extremely numerous: one cow may harbour 10 billion or more. The cells are irregularly ...
entomology: branch of zoology dealing with the scientific study of insects. The Greek word entomon, meaning "notched," refers to the segmented body plan of the insect. The zoological categories of taxonomy, morphology, physiology, and ecology are included in this field of ...
entoproct: any member of the phylum Entoprocta, a group of aquatic invertebrate animals, composed of more than 100 species. Entoprocts occur throughout the world, primarily in marine habitats, although one genus, Urnatella, is a freshwater form. Entoprocts may either exist singly ...
entrapment: in law, instigation or inducement of a person into the commission of a crime by an officer of the law.
Entre Rios: provincia, eastern Argentina. It is located between two rivers, the Parana (west) and the Uruguay (east), the latter of which forms the Uruguayan border; the province's name means "between rivers." Entre Rios is the southern part of the region sometimes ...
entrechat: (probably from Italian intrecciare: "to weave," or "to braid"), jump in ballet, beginning in the fifth position, during which the dancer crosses his straight legs at the lower calf. Numerous rapid crossings make the entrechat a spectacular jump. Numbers (trois, ...
entrelacement: a literary technique in which several simultaneous stories are interlaced in one larger narrative. This technique allows digression and presents opportunities for moral and ironic commentary while not disturbing the unity of the whole.
entropion: turning in of the border of the lower eyelid, a condition sometimes occurring in elderly persons. It is caused by (1) spasms of the orbicularis oculi, a muscle that extends along the lid margin and functions during winking, and (2) ...
entropy: the measure of a system's energy that is unavailable for work. Since work is obtained from order, the amount of entropy is also a measure of the disorder, or randomness, of a system.
Enugu: state, south-central Nigeria. It was created in 1991 from the eastern two-thirds of Anambra state. Enugu is bounded by the states of Kogi and Benue to the north, Cross River to the east, Abia to the south, and Anambra to ...
Enugu: town, capital of Enugu state, south-central Nigeria, at the foot of the Udi Plateau. It is on the railroad from Port Harcourt, 150 miles (240 km) south-southwest, and at the intersection of roads from Aba, Onitsha, and Abakaliki. The town ...
enuresis: elimination disorder characterized by four factors: the repeated voluntary or involuntary voiding of urine during the day or night into bedding or clothing; two or more occurrences per month for a child between the ages of five and six (one ...
envelope: in poetry, a device in which a line or a stanza is repeated so as to enclose a section of verse, as in Sir Thomas Wyat's "Is it Possible?":Is it possibleThat so high debate, So sharp, so sore, and of ...
envelope: in musical sound, the attack, sustain, and decay of a sound. Attack transients consist of changes occurring before the sound reaches its steady-state intensity. Sustain refers to the steady state of a sound at its maximum intensity, and decay is ...
Enver Pasa: Ottoman general and commander in chief, a hero of the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, and a leading member of the Ottoman government from 1913 to 1918. He played a key role in the Ottoman entry into World War I ...
Envigado: city, Antioquia departamento, northwestern Colombia. It is situated near the Porce River, between the Occidental and Central ranges of the Andes Mountains, at an elevation of 5,085 feet (1,550 m) above sea level. Formerly a commercial and manufacturing centre for ...
environment: the complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors that act upon an organism or an ecological community and ultimately determine its form and survival.
environmental engineering: the development of processes and infrastructure for the supply of water, the disposal of waste, and the control of pollution of all kinds. These endeavours protect public health by preventing disease transmission, and they preserve the quality of the environment ...
environmental geology: field concerned with applying the findings of geologic research to the problems of land use and civil engineering. It is closely allied with urban geology and deals with the impact of human activities on the physical environment (e.g., contamination of ...
environmental law: principles, policies, directives, and regulations enacted and enforced by local, national, or international entities to regulate human treatment of the nonhuman world. The vast field covers a broad range of topics in diverse legal settings, such as state bottle-return laws ...
Environmental Protection Agency: agency of the U.S. government that sets and enforces national pollution-control standards.
environmental sculpture: 20th-century art form intended to involve or encompass the spectators rather than merely to face them; the form developed as part of a larger artistic current that sought to break down the historical dichotomy between life and art. The environmental ...
environmental theatre: a branch of the New Theatre movement of the 1960s, the aim of which is to heighten audience awareness of theatre by eliminating the distinction between the audience's and the actors' space. Richard Schechner's environmental productions Dionysus in 69, Makbeth, ...
environmental works: infrastructure that provides cities and towns with water supply, waste disposal, and pollution control services. They include extensive networks of reservoirs, pipelines, treatment systems, pumping stations, and waste disposal facilities. These municipal works serve two important purposes: they protect human ...
environmentalism: political and ethical movement that seeks to improve and protect the quality of the natural environment through changes to environmentally harmful human activities; through the adoption of forms of political, economic, and social organization that are thought to be necessary ...
envoi: the usually explanatory or commendatory concluding remarks to a poem, essay, or book. The term is specifically used to mean a short, fixed final stanza of a poem (such as a ballade) pointing the moral and usually addressing the person ...