also spelled Eginhard Frankish historian and court scholar whose writings are an invaluable source of information on Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire.
town, Schwyz canton, northeast-central Switzerland. It is located on the right bank of Alp Stream, northeast of Schwyz city. It developed around the Benedictine abbey, founded in 934. The abbey became a principality of the Holy Roman Empire in 1274 ...
relationship between mass (m) and energy (E) in the special theory of relativity of Albert Einstein, embodied by the formula E = mc2, where c equals 300,000 kilometres (186,000 miles) per second-i.e., the speed of light.
German-American physicist who developed the special and general theories of relativity and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. In the first 15 years of the 20th century, Einstein-recognized in his own ...
(Es), synthetic chemical element of the actinide series in Group IIIb of the periodic table, atomic number 99. Not occurring in nature, einsteinium (as the isotope einsteinium-253), produced by intense neutron irradiation of uranium-238, was identified in December 1952 by ...
Dutch physiologist who was awarded the 1924 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the electrical properties of the heart through the electrocardiograph, which he developed as a practical clinical instrument and an important tool in the ...
(baron of) Austrian surgeon, teacher, and researcher who carried out important studies in the physiology of the thyroid gland and surgery of the central nervous system.
city, Thuringia Land (state), central Germany. It lies on the northwestern slopes of the Thuringian Forest, at the confluence of the Horsel and Nesse rivers, west of the city of Erfurt. Founded by the landgraves of Thuringia ...
town, east-central Austria, in the Erzbach Valley, at the northern foot of Erzberg (Ore Mountain; 5,033 feet [1,534 metres]), northwest of Leoben. Iron has been mined on Erzberg by terraced open-pit methods since Roman times, and Eisenerz ("Iron Ore") is ...
(Jan. 5, 1957), in the Cold War period after World War II, U.S. foreign-policy pronouncement by President Dwight D. Eisenhower promising military or economic aid to any Middle Eastern country needing help in resisting communist aggression. The doctrine was intended ...
golf trophy awarded to the winner of a biennial international amateur competition open to teams of three or four players from all nations. The competition was first held, under sponsorship of the World Amateur Golf Council, in 1958, and the ...
34th president of the United States (1953-61), who had been supreme commander of the Allied forces in western Europe during World War II. (For a discussion of the history and nature of the presidency, see presidency of the United States ...
American first lady (1953-61), the wife of Dwight "Ike" Eisenhower, 34th president of the United States and supreme commander of the Allied forces in western Europe during World War II.
city, Brandenburg Land (state), eastern Germany. The city lies along the Oder River at the Polish border, southeast of Frankfurt an der Oder. It was formed in 1961 by the union of Furstenberg, Stalinstadt, and Schonfliess. Stalinstadt was a planned-residence ...
city, capital (since 1925) of Burgenland Bundesland (federal state), eastern Austria. It lies at the southern end of the Leitha Mountains, south of Vienna. Mentioned in 1264, it was a free city of Hungary from 1648 until Burgenland was ceded ...
pioneering German-American photojournalist whose images, many of them for Life magazine, established him as one of the first and most important photojournalists.
Russian film director and theorist whose work includes the three film classics Potemkin (1925), Alexander Nevsky (1938), and Ivan the Terrible (released in two parts, 1944 and 1958). In his concept of film montage, images, perhaps independent of the "main" ...
city, Saxony-Anhalt Land (state), central Germany. It is situated in the eastern foothills of the Harz Mountains. First mentioned in 994 as a market called Islebia and in 1180 as a town, it belonged to the counts ...
a game played on ice in the winter and on asphalt or other surfaces during the rest of the year, similar to curling and shuffleboard. The game became popular in Bavaria and Austria by the late 19th century.
formal assembly of Welsh bards and minstrels that originated in the traditions of court bards of medieval times. The modern National Eisteddfod, revived in the 19th century and held each summer alternately in a site in North or South Wales, ...
the release of sperm cells and seminal plasma from the male reproductive system. Ejaculation takes place in two phases: in the first, or emission, stage, sperm are moved from the testes and the epididymis (where the sperm are stored) to ...
either of two hollow tubes, each formed by union of the ampulla of a ductus deferens (q.v.) and the excretory duct of a seminal vesicle (q.v.). The ducts, which open into the urethra about halfway through the prostate gland (q.v.), ...
in Anglo-American property law, legal action for recovery of land from one wrongfully in possession and monetary compensation for his unlawful detention of the land.
in Mexico, village lands communally held in the traditional Indian system of land tenure that combines communal ownership with individual use. The ejido consists of cultivated land, pastureland, other uncultivated lands, and the fundo legal (townsite). In most cases the ...
city, west-central Armenia. It lies on the plain of the Aras River, 12 miles (20 km) west of Yerevan. Ejmiadzin is the seat of the supreme catholicos, or primate, of the Armenian Catholic Church.
Swedish chemist who in 1802 discovered the element tantalum. After graduation from the University of Uppsala (1788) and travels in Germany, Ekeberg returned to Uppsala and began teaching (1794), introducing the chemistry of Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier. Though he was partly deaf ...
city and major opencut coal-mining centre in northeastern Kazakstan, on the Ertis-Qaraghandy Canal. Coal was discovered in the region in 1876 and was mined on a small scale. Only after construction of a railway in 1953 did large-scale exploitation of ...
science of human settlements. Ekistics involves the descriptive study of all kinds of human settlements and the formulation of general conclusions aimed at achieving harmony between the inhabitants of a settlement and their physical and sociocultural environments. Descriptive study involves ...
teacher, monk, hymnist, and poet who until about 1941 was regarded the author of Waltharius, a celebrated Latin heroic poem based on the life of King Walter of Aquitaine.
teacher, glossarist, writer, famous as one of the principal authors of Casus Sancti Galli ("The Events of Sankt Gallen [St. Gall]")-an important history of the monastery.
Swedish physical oceanographer best known for his studies of the dynamics of ocean currents. The common oceanographic terms Ekman layer, denoting certain oceanic or atmospheric layers occurring at various interfaces; Ekman spiral, used in connection with vertical oceanic velocity; and ...
group of Norwegian offshore natural-gas and oil fields located in the North Sea about 180 miles (290 km) southwest of Norway, halfway between Norway and the United Kingdom. The Ekofisk district includes the Ekofisk field itself (1969; petroleum) and the ...
group of peoples situated in extreme southeastern Nigeria and extending eastward into neighbouring Cameroon. Ekoid Bantu languages are spoken by many groups, including the Atam, Boki, Mbembe, Ufia, and Yako. The Ekoi live in proximity to the Efiks of southeastern ...
ancient Canaanite and Philistine city, one of the five cities of the Philistine pentapolis, and currently identified with Tel Miqne (Arabic: Khirbat al-Muqanna'), south of the settlement of Mazkeret Batya, central Israel. Although it was allocated to Judah after the ...
(Greek: "to expose," or "to set forth"), in logic, process used by Aristotle to establish the validity of certain propositions or syllogisms. For example, in the Analytica priora he argued: "If A belongs to no B; neither will B belong ...
Igbo novelist, short-story writer, and children's author whose strength lies in his realistic depiction of the forces that have shaped the African city dweller.
the general term for "deity" in Semitic languages as well as the name of the chief deity of the West Semites. In the ancient texts from Ras Shamra (ancient Ugarit) in Syria, El was described as the titular head of ...
town, capital of Western Sahara from 1940 to 1976 (when Western Sahara was a northwest African overseas province of Spain) and capital since 1976 of the not internationally recognized Laayoune province of Morocco. El Aaiun lies in the Wadi Hamra ...
community of El Agustino distrito ("district"), Peru, in the east-central Lima-Callao metropolitan area. It was founded about 1955, when tenant farmers found it more profitable to lease land for residences than to cultivate it. El Agustino and neighbouring communities were ...
