| Debye, Peter ... decentralization |
| | - Debye, Peter
- physical chemist whose investigations of dipole moments, X rays, and light scattering in gases brought him the 1936 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. [2 Related Articles]
- Debye-Huckel equation
- a mathematical expression derived to elucidate certain properties of solutions of electrolytes, that is, substances present in the solutions in the form of charged particles (ions). Such solutions often behave as if the number of dissolved particles were greater or ... [1 Related Articles]
- Debye-Scherrer method
- (from the article "Scherrer, Paul") Swiss physicist who collaborated with Peter Debye in the development of a method of X-ray diffraction analysis. The Debye-Scherrer method is widely used to identify materials that do not readily form large, perfect crystals.
- decabromodiphenyl ether
- (from the article "The Environment") Disagreement was anticipated over the risks from brominated flame retardants such as hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) that might be included in the second phase. These substances entered the environment during manufacture processes and use and could accumulate in ...
- decacarbonyldimanganese
- (from the article "organometallic compound") Many other metal carbonyls contain two or more metal atoms, such as decacarbonyldimanganese and octacarbonyldicobalt, shown here.
- decadal climate variation
- (from the article "climate change") Climate varies on decadal timescales, with multiyear clusters of wet, dry, cool, or warm conditions. These multiyear clusters can have dramatic effects on human activities and welfare. For instance, a severe three-year drought in the late 16th century probably contributed ...
- decade
- (from the article "calendar") The seven-day week was abandoned, and each 30-day month was divided into three periods of 10 days called decades, the last day of a decade being a rest day. It was also agreed that ...
- Decade for Education for Sustainable Development
- (from the article "United Nations") ...by 2015. As in the past, the situation in sub-Saharan Africa was particularly dire. The international community remained hopeful, however, as the UN Decade for Education for Sustainable Development (DESD; 2005-14) moved into its second year. The main goal of ...
- decadence
- a period of decline or deterioration of art or literature that follows an era of great achievement. Examples include the Silver Age of Latin literature, which began about AD 18 following the end of the Golden Age, and the Decadent ...
- Decadent
- any of several poets or other writers of the end of the 19th century, including the French Symbolist poets in particular and their contemporaries in England, the later generation of the Aesthetic movement. Both groups aspired to set literature and ... [6 Related Articles]
- Decadentism
- Italian artistic movement that derived its name but not all its characteristics from the French and English Decadents, who flourished in the last 10 years of the 19th century. Writers of the Italian movement, which did not have the cohesion ...
- decadrachm
- (from the article "coin") In Sicily the defeat of Carthage in 480 BC may have been commemorated by the famous decadrachms (Demareteia) associated with Queen Demarete, wife of King Gelon. These superb and now very rare examples of early classical genius showed on the ...
- decaffeination
- (from the article "coffee") Caffeine can be removed from the green coffee by a variety of methods. In the most common, solvent extraction, the beans are steamed to raise the moisture content and bring the dissolved caffeine to the surface of the beans. They ...
- Decaisne, Joseph
- (from the article "Thuret, Gustave-Adolphe") After receiving a law degree in 1838, Thuret began to study botany under Joseph Decaisne. He became interested in the history and behaviour of the marine algae and in about 1840 described the flagella (whiplike structures) of the spermatozoids (male ...
- decal
- design that is printed on specially prepared paper to form a film that can be transferred to any surface. Such films are widely used for decorating and labeling any objects that cannot be run through a press. [2 Related Articles]
- decametre radiation
- (from the article "Jupiter") The intermittent radio emission at the decametre wavelengths has been studied from Earth in the accessible range of 3.5-39.5 megahertz. Free of Earth's ionosphere, which blocks lower frequencies from reaching the surface, the radio-wave experiment on the Voyager spacecraft was ...
- Decamps, Alexandre
- one of the first French painters of the 19th century to turn from Neoclassicism to Romanticism. [1 Related Articles]
- decan
- (from the article "astronomical map") Two other astronomical reference systems developed independently in early antiquity, the lunar mansions and the Egyptian decans. The decans are 36 star configurations circling the sky somewhat to the south of the ecliptic. They make their appearance in drawings and ...
- Decani Monastery
- (from the article "Kosovo") ...lay at the heart of the Serbian empire under the Nemanjic dynasty. Between the mid-12th and the mid-14th century the region was richly endowed with Eastern Orthodox monuments, such as the Decani Monastery (1327-35) with its more than 1,000 frescoes. ...
- decanting problem
- (from the article "number game") ...those involving the manipulation of objects, and those requiring computation. The first required little or no mathematical skill, merely general intelligence and ingenuity, as for example, so-called decanting and difficult crossings problems. A typical example of the former is how ...
- decapod
- (order Decapoda), any of more than 8,000 species of crustaceans (phylum Arthropoda) that include shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, hermit crabs, and crabs. [7 Related Articles]
- Decapolis
- league of 10 ancient Greek cities in eastern Palestine that was formed after the Roman conquest of Palestine in 63 BC, when Pompey the Great reorganized the Middle East to Rome's advantage and to his own. The name Decapolis also ... [1 Related Articles]
- DeCarava, Roy
- American photographer whose images of African Americans chronicle subjects such as daily life in Harlem, the civil rights movement, and jazz musicians. [1 Related Articles]
- decarburization
- (from the article "molybdenum processing") Ferromolybdenum can be produced by either a metallothermic process or a carbon-reduction process in electric furnaces. Because the latter process has the inherent disadvantage of introducing a high carbon content into the FeMo alloy, the thermic process, in which aluminum ...
- decathlon
- athletic competition lasting two consecutive days in which contestants take part in 10 track-and-field events. It was introduced as a three-day event at the Olympic Games in 1912. Decathlon events are: (first day) 100-metre dash, running long (broad) jump, shot ... [1 Related Articles]
- decating
- (from the article "textile") Decating is a process applied to woollens and worsteds, man-made and blended fibre fabrics, and various types of knits. It involves the application of heat and pressure to set or develop lustre and softer hand and to even the set ...
- Decatur
- city, seat (1891) of Morgan county, northern Alabama, U.S. It lies along the Tennessee River about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Huntsville. Andrew Jackson gave land grants in the area to soldiers who marched with him to the Battle ...
- Decatur
- city, seat (1829) of Macon county, central Illinois, U.S. It lies along a bend in the Sangamon River (there dammed to form Lake Decatur), about halfway between Springfield and Champaign. First settled in 1820, the town was founded in 1829 ... [1 Related Articles]
- Decatur
- city, seat (1823) of DeKalb county, northwestern Georgia, U.S. It is an eastern suburb of Atlanta. Named for Stephen Decatur, the American naval hero of the War of 1812, it was originally a trading centre for small farmers, and stone ...
- Decatur, Stephen
- U.S. naval officer who held important commands in the War of 1812. Replying to a toast after returning from successful engagements abroad (1815), he replied with the famous words: "Our country! In her intercourse with foreign nations may she always ... [1 Related Articles]
- decay constant
- proportionality between the size of a population of radioactive atoms and the rate at which the population decreases because of radioactive decay. Suppose N is the size of a population of radioactive atoms at a given time t, and dN ... [2 Related Articles]
- decay rate
- (from the article "radioactivity") ...decompose spontaneously, or decay, into a more stable configuration but will do so only in a few specific ways by emitting certain particles or certain forms of electromagnetic energy. Radioactive decay is a property of several naturally occurring elements as ...
- decay time
- (from the article "radiation measurement") The excited species have a characteristic mean lifetime, and their population decays exponentially. The decay time determines the rate at which the light is emitted following the excitation and is also characteristic of the particular scintillation material. Decay times range ...
- decay transient
- (from the article "sound") ...factors that affect their tone quality and by which their tones can be distinguished. Attack transients, such as the way in which a string is bowed, a trumpet tongued, or a piano key struck, and decay transients, such as the ...
- Decazes, Elie, Duke, Duke Af Glucksberg
- French political figure and leader of the moderate constitutional monarchists during the Bourbon Restoration. [2 Related Articles]
- Decca
- (from the article "commercial fishing") Other instruments have become vital to fishing operations, especially radio- and satellite-transmitted position-fixing equipment such as Decca Navigator, Loran, and Satnav. These enable a skipper to return to the precise position where fish are spotted or to a particular location ...
- Decca Records
- (from the article "Decca Records") Formed as an American division by its British parent company in 1934, Decca was the only major company to stand by its black roster during the 1940s, although most of its artists-including vocal groups (the Mills Brothers and the Ink ...
- Deccan
- the entire southern peninsula of India south of the Narmada River, marked centrally by a high triangular tableland. The name derives from the Sanskrit daksina ("south"). The plateau is bounded on the east and west by the Ghats (q.v.), escarpments ... [13 Related Articles]
- Deccan Education Society
- (from the article "Tilak, Bal Gangadhar") ...then decided to teach mathematics in a private school in Pune (Poona), which was to become the centre of his political career. He developed the school into a university college after founding the Deccan Education Society (1884), which aimed at ...
- Deccan style
- (from the article "India") ...style-with its commanding gopuras (gateways)-can be seen in the Rajarajeshvara and the Gangaikondacolapuram temples. The Deccani style, vasara, tended to be an intermixture of the northern and the southern, with early examples at Vatapi, ...
- Deccani painting
- style of miniature painting that flourished from the late 16th century among the Deccani sultanates in peninsular India. The style is a sensitive, highly integrated blend of indigenous and foreign art forms. The elongated figures are seemingly related to Vijayanagar ... [1 Related Articles]
- Decebalus
- king of the Dacians, a people who lived in the territory known presently as Romania. [3 Related Articles]
- deceit
- (from the article "white-collar crime") Although white-collar crimes are quite varied, most have several characteristics in common. First, they involve the use of deceit and concealment, rather than the application of force or violence, for the illegitimate gain of money, property, or services. A defendant ...
- Decelea
- (from the article "Alcibiades") ...the journey home he escaped and, learning that he had been condemned in absentia to death, went to Sparta. There he advised the Spartans to send a general to help the Syracusans and also to fortify Decelea in Attica, two ...
- deceleration injury
- impact injury to a body within or upon a rapidly moving object caused by the forces exerted when the object is brought to a sudden halt. Deceleration injury can occur in high-speed vehicles when they stop or slow down abruptly ...
- December
- twelfth month of the Gregorian calendar. Its name is derived from decem, Latin for "ten," indicating its position in the early Roman calendar.
- December constitution
- (from the article "Austria") ...with the Hungarians, the German liberals were allowed to amend the 1861 constitution known as the February Patent; the Fundamental Laws, which were adopted in December 1867 and became known as the December constitution, lasted until 1918. These laws granted ...
- Decembrist
- any of the Russian revolutionaries who led an unsuccessful uprising on Dec. 14 (Dec. 26, New Style), 1825, and through their martyrdom provided a source of inspiration to succeeding generations of Russian dissidents. The Decembrists were primarily members of the ... [15 Related Articles]
- decemviri
- (Latin: "ten men"), in ancient Rome, any official commission of 10. The designation is most often used in reference to decemviri legibus scribundis, a temporary legislative commission that supplanted the regular magistracy from 451 to 449 BC. It was directed ... [1 Related Articles]
- Decency, Legion of
- (from the article "motion picture, history of the") An important aspect of the studio system was the Production Code, which was implemented in 1934 in response to pressure from the Legion of Decency and public protest against the graphic violence and sexual suggestiveness of some sound films (the ...
- decentralization
- (from the article "Nikolais, Alwin") ...depersonalizing his dancers, they were relieved of their own forms and, hence, allowed to identify with whatever they portrayed. Nikolais was also noted for advancing the related concept of "decentralization," in which the focal point could be anywhere on the ...
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