Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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De Toth, Andre ... deadweight tonnage

De Toth, Andre: Hungarian-born film and television director (b. May 15, 1913?, Mako, Austria-Hungary-d. Oct. 27, 2002, Burbank, Calif.), made a number of raw, violent, and psychologically disturbing B movies, including Ramrod (1947), Pitfall (1948), and Crime Wave (1954), that gained him a ...
de Tott, Baron Francois: (from the article "Mustafa III") ...on the central government's inability to extend its authority over the local rulers (a'yan) of its provinces in Europe and Asia. Assisted by Baron Francois de Tott, a French artillery officer, they were more successful in their ...
de Valera, Eamon: Irish politician and patriot, prime minister (1932-48, 1951-54, 1957-59), and president (1959-73). An active revolutionary from 1913, he became president of Sinn Fein in 1918 and founded the Fianna Fail Party in 1924. In 1937 he took the Irish Free ... [12 Related Articles]
de Valois, Dame Ninette: Irish dancer, choreographer, and founder of the company that in October 1956 became the Royal Ballet. She was influential in establishing ballet in England. [2 Related Articles]
de Varona, Donna: American athlete and sportscaster who, after a record-breaking amateur career as a swimmer, established herself as an advocate for women's and girls' sports opportunities.
de Vaucouleurs classification: (from the article "galaxy") Other classification schemes similar to Hubble's follow his pattern but subdivide the galaxies differently. A notable example of one such system is that of de Vaucouleurs. This scheme, which has evolved considerably since its inception in 1959, includes a large ...
de Vaucouleurs, Gerard Henri: French-born U.S. astronomer whose pioneering studies of distant galaxies contributed to knowledge of the age and large-scale structure of the universe (b. April 25, 1918--d. Oct. 7, 1995). [1 Related Articles]
de Villepin, Dominique: French diplomat, politician, and writer who served as interior minister (2004-05) and prime minister (2005-07) in the neo-Gaullist administration of Pres. Jacques Chirac. [5 Related Articles]
de Villiers, Dawie: South African rugby union player who was one of the sport's greatest scrum halves and captain of the South African national team, the Springboks, from 1965 to 1970. After his playing days ended, he went on to a highly successful ...
De Vinna, Clyde: (from the article "1928/29: Other Winners") Writing: Hans Kraly for The PatriotCinematography: Clyde De Vinna for White Shadows in the South SeasArt Direction: Cedric Gibbons for The Bridge of San Luis Rey and other pictures
De Vinne, Theodore L.: American author of many scholarly books on the history of typography.
de Vosjoli, Philippe Thyraud: (from the article "intelligence") The SDECE and DGSE have been shaken by numerous scandals. In 1968, for example, Philippe Thyraud de Vosjoli, who had been an important officer in the French intelligence system for 20 years, asserted in published memoirs that the SDECE had ...
De Voto, Bernard: American novelist, journalist, historian, and critic, best known for his works on American literature and the history of the Western frontier.
De Vries, Peter: American editor and novelist widely known as a satirist, linguist, and comic visionary. [1 Related Articles]
de Vries, Theun: (from the article "Literature") In 2005 Dutch readers marked the passing of several writers who held unusual positions in the literary landscape: Theun de Vries, an extremely prolific and talented writer; Nel Benschop, the most widely read poet in The Netherlands; and Marten Toonder, ...
De Vries, William C.: (from the article "artificial heart") ...that greatly aided the development of permanent artificial hearts. One such device, designed by American physician Robert K. Jarvik, was surgically implanted into a patient by American surgeon William C. DeVries in 1982. The aluminum and plastic device, called the ...
de Weert, Sebald: (from the article "Sri Lanka") ...support against his adversaries. The first Dutch envoy, Joris van Spilbergen, met the king in July 1602 and made lavish promises of military assistance. A few months later another Dutch official, Sebald de Weert, arrived with a concrete offer of ...
de Weldon, Felix: Austrian-born sculptor (b. April 12, 1907, Vienna, Austria-d. June 2, 2003, Woodstock, Va.), created more than 2,000 public sculptures around the world, most notably the Marine Corps War Memorial (1954) in Arlington, Va. Based on a Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph by ...
De Wint, Peter: English landscape and architectural painter who was one of the chief English watercolourists of the early 19th century.
De Witt, Cornelius: (from the article "De Witt, Johan") ...was one of the first textbooks in analytic geometry. (He later also applied his mathematical knowledge to the financial and budgetary problems of the republic.) In 1645 he and his elder brother Cornelius visited France, Italy, Switzerland, and England, and ...
De Witt, Jacob: (from the article "De Witt, Johan") De Witt was a member of one of the old burgher-regent families of his native town of Dordrecht (Dort). His father, Jacob, was six times burgomaster and for many years sat for the town in the States of Holland. He ...
De Witt, Johan: one of the foremost European statesmen of the 17th century who as councillor pensionary (the political leader) of Holland (1653-72) guided the United Provinces in the First and Second Anglo-Dutch wars (1652-54, 1665-67) and consolidated the nation's naval and commercial ... [3 Related Articles]
de Wolfe, Elsie: American interior designer, hostess, and actress, best known for her innovative and anti-Victorian interiors. [1 Related Articles]
de Young Museum: (from the article "Architecture and Civil Engineering") The new de Young Museum building in San Francisco, which opened in October, was designed by Swiss architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron. A distinctive feature was the structure's outer surface, which consisted of copper shingles with different...
de-inking: (from the article "papermaking") There are two distinct types of paper recovery systems: (1) recovery based upon de-inking and intended for printing-grade or other white papers, accounting for about 5 to 6 percent of the total, and (2) recovery without de-inking, intended for boxboards ...
de-Stalinization: (from the article "Bulgaria") Traicho Kostov, who had been particularly instrumental in supervising the destruction of the opposition, was accused of treason and of collaborating with Yugoslavia's communist leader Josip Broz Tito against Stalinism. Kostov's execution in December 1949 was followed by the purge ...
deaccessioning: (from the article "museum, operation of") ...inalienable. The disposal of museum collections in part or in full therefore normally only occurs in cases where items no longer serve a useful scholarly or interpretative purpose. The case for deaccessioning, as it is known in North America, can ...
deacidification: (from the article "library") In certain cases, reformatting is not the best solution to the problem of disintegration. The original material may have intrinsic value as an artifact, or it may lose some of its information in the reformatting process. In such cases, paper ...
deacon: (from Greek diakonos, "helper"), a member of the lowest rank of the threefold Christian ministry (below the presbyter-priest and bishop) or, in various Protestant churches, a lay official, usually ordained, who shares in the ministry and sometimes in the governance ... [12 Related Articles]
Deacon process: (from the article "chemical industry") A process introduced about 1868 by the English chemist Henry Deacon was based on the reaction of atmospheric oxygen with hydrochloric acid, which was available as a by-product of the Leblanc process for making soda ash; when the Leblanc process ...
Deacon, Giles: (from the article "Fashions") ...versions of things that have preceded them." In March actress Drew Barrymore appeared in advertisements promoting Gold, a 35-piece collection produced for international New Look stores by Giles Deacon, Britain's Designer of the Year. The affordable dresses, jeans, T-shirts, shoes, ...
dead furrow: (from the article "agricultural technology") ...than the second, third, and other slices. The ridge is called a back furrow. When two strips of land are finished, the last furrows cut leave a trench about twice the width of one bottom, called a dead furrow. When ...
dead language: (from the article "language") In studying ancient (dead) languages one is, of course, limited to studying the grammar of their written forms and styles, as their written records alone survive. Such is the case with Latin, Ancient Greek, and Sanskrit (Latin lives as a ...
dead load: (from the article "bridge") The primary function of a bridge is to carry traffic loads: heavy trucks, cars, and trains. Engineers must estimate the traffic loading. On short spans, it is possible that the maximum conceivable load will be achieved-that is to say, on ...
dead nettle: (from the article "Lamiaceae") The 40 to 50 species of the genus Lamium are known as dead nettles; they are low weedy plants that are sometimes cultivated. There are about 350 species in the genus Thymus, all Eurasian. Wild thyme (T. serpyllum), with scented ...
dead reckoning: determination without the aid of celestial navigation of the position of a ship or aircraft from the record of the courses sailed or flown, the distance made (which can be estimated from velocity), the known starting point, and the known ... [2 Related Articles]
Dead Sea: landlocked salt lake between Israel and Jordan, which lies some 1,300 feet (400 metres) below sea level-the lowest elevation and the lowest body of water on the surface of the Earth. Its eastern shore belongs to Jordan, and the southern ... [14 Related Articles]
Dead Sea Scrolls: ancient, mostly Hebrew, manuscripts (of leather, papyrus, and copper) first found in 1947 on the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea. Discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls is among the more important finds in the history of modern archaeology. Study ... [19 Related Articles]
dead time: (from the article "radiation measurement") One property that must be considered in counting systems is the concept known as dead time. Following each event in a detector, there is a period of time in which the measurement system is processing that event and is insensitive ...
dead water: (from the article "ocean") ...of internal waves may lie in the action of tidal forces (the period then equaling the tidal period) or in the action of a wind or pressure fluctuation. Sometimes, a ship may cause internal waves (dead water) if there is ...
dead zone: (from the article "sand dune") As the dune grows, the smooth leeward slope steepens until the wind cannot be deflected down sharply enough to follow it. The wind then separates from the surface leaving a "dead zone" in the lee into which falls the sand ...
Dead, Street of the: (from the article "Teotihuacan") ...apartment compounds, the ruined city contains great plazas, temples, a canalized river, and palaces of nobles and priests. The main buildings are connected by a 130-foot- (40-metre-) wide road, the Street of the Dead ("Calle de los Muertos"), that stretches ...
dead-annealed glass: (from the article "industrial glass") ...of the inner glass plies is strengthened by ion exchange (see above) in order to withstand the impact of flying objects such as birds. Bulletproof glass is often laminated, although a single ply of dead-annealed glass as thick as 20 ...
dead-band: (from the article "chromatography") ...systems such as strip-chart recorders have an inertia, so that if an electrical pulse enters the circuit a small but finite time is required for the recorder pen to reach its final position. The dead-band is that region of the ...
dead-beat escapement: (from the article "Graham, George") ...as the best watchmaker of his time. He perfected the cylinder escapement designed by Tompion, which had been patented by Edward Barlow, William Houghton, and Tompion in 1695, and also perfected the dead-beat escapement, developed by Richard Towneley and Tompion ...
dead-reckoning position: (from the article "dead reckoning") Some marine navigators differentiate between the dead-reckoning position, for which they use the course steered and their estimated speed through the water, and the estimated position, which is the dead-reckoning position corrected for effects of current, wind, and other factors. ...
deadfall: (from the article "American Subarctic peoples") ...for different kinds of game; lances; the spear-thrower (or atlatl) and spear; weirs and basket traps for fish; nets of willow bark and of other substances; snares for small game such as rabbits; deadfalls (traps with logs or other weights ...
deadlock: (from the article "computer science") Among the problems that need to be addressed by computer scientists in order for sophisticated operating systems to be built are deadlock and process synchronization. Deadlock occurs when two or more processes (programs in execution) request the same resources and ...
deadly sin: any of the sins, usually numbering seven, dating back to the early history of Christian monasticism; they were grouped together as early as the 6th century by St. Gregory the Great. A sin was classified as deadly not merely because ...
deadweight: (from the article "ship") A ship may be designed to carry a specified weight of cargo, plus such necessary supplies as fuel, lubricating oil, crew, and the crew's life support). These combine to form a total known as deadweight. To deadweight must be added ...
deadweight tonnage: (from the article "tonnage") Deadweight tonnage is a measurement of total contents of a ship including cargo, fuel, crew, passengers, food, and water aside from boiler water. It is expressed in long tons of 2,240 pounds (1,016 kilograms).naval architecture