Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Dartmoor Prison ... Dashkova, Yekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova, Knyaginya

Dartmoor Prison: (from the article "Dartmoor") ...ponies, sheep, and cattle; quarrying (granite and china clay) and tourism are other important activities. There are few settlements; the largest is Princetown, founded in 1806 to serve adjoining Dartmoor Prison, which was built to hold French captives from the ...
Dartmouth: town ("parish"), South Hams district, administrative and historic county of Devon, England. It lies along the English Channel and the west bank of the River Dart estuary. A yachting centre, it has boatbuilding, light engineering, and pottery industries. The castle ... [1 Related Articles]
Dartmouth: town (township), Bristol county, southeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies along Buzzards Bay, adjacent to New Bedford. The site, part of a land purchase made by William Bradford and Captain Myles Standish from the Wampanoag Indian chief Massasoit, was settled by ... [1 Related Articles]
Dartmouth College: private, coeducational liberal arts college in Hanover, N.H., U.S., one of the Ivy League schools. [7 Related Articles]
Dartmouth College case: U.S. Supreme Court case in which the court held that the charter of Dartmouth College granted in 1769 by King George III of England was a contract and, as such, could not be impaired by the New Hampshire legislature. The ... [3 Related Articles]
Dartmouth Dam: (from the article "Murray River") ...state governments and the commonwealth, was established to regulate utilization of the river's waters. The largest reservoirs are the Dartmouth on the Mitta Mitta River and the Hume on the Murray. Dartmouth's dam, 180 m (591 feet) high, is the ...
Dartmouth, George Legge, 1st Baron: British admiral and commander in chief who is best known for his service during the reigns of Charles II and James II.
Dartmouth, William Legge, 2nd earl of, Viscount Lewisham, Baron Dartmouth of Dartmouth: British statesman who played a significant role in the events leading to the American Revolution. [1 Related Articles]
dartos: (from the article "reproductive system, human") ...pigmented, devoid of fatty tissue, and more or less folded and wrinkled. There are some scattered hairs and sebaceous glands on its surface. Below the skin is a layer of involuntary muscle, the dartos, which can alter the appearance of ...
darts: indoor target game played by throwing feathered darts at a circular board with numbered spaces. The game became popular in English inns and taverns in the 19th century and increasingly so in the 20th.
Daru: (from the article "Daru") ...Pacific Ocean. Daru Island is located in the Gulf of Papua near the mouth of the Oriomo River, southwest of the Fly River Delta. The island rises to 79 feet (24 metres) and has mangrove swamps. Daru town is an ...
Daru: port and small island, southwestern Papua New Guinea, southwestern Pacific Ocean. Daru Island is located in the Gulf of Papua near the mouth of the Oriomo River, southwest of the Fly River Delta. The island rises to 79 feet (24 ...
Daru, Pierre-Antoine, Comte: French military administrator and organizer during the Napoleonic period.
darughatchi: (from the article "China") ...return to Chinese traditions in those domains ruled by former subjects of the Jin state. The most important office or function in Mongol administration was that of the darughatchi (seal bearer), whose powers were at first all-inclusive; ...
Darwell, Jane: (from the article "1940: Best Supporting Actress") Other Nominees
Darwin: capital and chief port of Northern Territory, Australia. It is situated on a low peninsula northeast of the entrance to its harbour, Port Darwin, a deep inlet of Beagle Gulf of the Timor Sea. The harbour was found in 1839 ... [2 Related Articles]
Darwin Cordillera: (from the article "South America") ...rock found south of latitude 50° S along the axis of the cordillera have been interpreted as ocean floor of a back-arc marginal basin. Metamorphic rocks of Andean age are preserved only in the Darwin Cordillera along the Fuegian Andes ...
Darwin Rise: submarine topographic rise underlying a vast area of the western and central Pacific, corresponding in location to a large topographic rise that existed during the Mesozoic Era (65,000,000 to 225,000,000 years ago), and named in honour of Charles Darwin. The ...
Darwin's frog: (Rhinoderma darwinii), a small Argentinian and Chilean frog that is one of the few species in the family Rhinodermatidae. Charles Darwin discovered the frog on his world voyage. [1 Related Articles]
Darwin's rhea: (from the article "rhea") ...to South America and are related to the ostrich and emu. The common rhea (Rhea americana; see photograph) is found in open country from northeastern Brazil southward to Argentina, while Darwin's rhea (Pterocnemia pennata) lives from Peru southward to Patagonia, ...
Darwin's tubercle: (from the article "ear, human") ...An inner, concentric ridge, the antihelix, surrounds the concha and is separated from the helix by a furrow, the scapha, also called the fossa of the helix. In some ears a little prominence known as Darwin's tubercle is seen along ...
Darwin, Charles: English naturalist whose theory of evolution by natural selection became the foundation of modern evolutionary studies. An affable country gentleman, Darwin at first shocked religious Victorian society by suggesting that animals and humans shared a common ancestry. However, his nonreligious ... [59 Related Articles]
Darwin, Erasmus: British physician, poet, and botanist noted for his republican politics and materialistic theory of evolution. Although today he is best known as the grandfather of naturalist Charles Darwin and of biologist Sir Francis Galton, Erasmus Darwin was an important figure ... [5 Related Articles]
Darwin, Mount: (from the article "Chile") ...area that includes the subregion of Magallanes and sometimes Chilean Tierra del Fuego. There significant heights are still reached: Mount San Valentin is more than 12,000 feet high, and Mount Darwin in Tierra del Fuego reaches almost 8,000 feet. Reminders ...
Darwin, Sir George: English astronomer who championed the theory that the Moon was once part of the Earth, until it was pulled free to form a satellite. [1 Related Articles]
Darwinian fitness: (from the article "reproduction") ...In this way the more successful variants would make a greater contribution to subsequent generations in the number of offspring. For such selection to act continuously in successive generations, Darwin also recognized that the variations had to be inherited, although ...
Darwinian subsidence theory: (from the article "ocean") The oceanic atoll reefs of the Pacific Ocean rise from volcanic cones that have subsided, probably intermittently, in areas of oceanic deeps. According to the Darwinian subsidence theory, the annular atoll reefs extend and grade downward into barrier reefs. The ...
Darwinism: theory of the evolutionary mechanism propounded by Charles Darwin as an explanation of organic change. It denotes Darwin's specific view that evolution is driven mainly by natural selection. [10 Related Articles]
Darwish, Mahmud: Palestinian poet who gave voice to the struggles of the Palestinian people. [5 Related Articles]
Darwish, Sayyid: (from the article "Islamic arts") ...well known are singers; those particularly influential in the modern renaissance, in chronological order, include 'Abduh al-Hamuli, Dahud Hussni, Sayyid Darwish, 'Abd al-Wahhab, Umm Kulthum, Farid al-Atrash, Fayrouz, Rashid al-Hundarashi,...
Darya-e Nur: largest and finest diamond in the crown jewels of Iran. A pale-pink, tablet-shaped stone weighing about 185 carats, it is from Golconda, Andhra Pradesh, India. Inscribed on a rear facet is the name of Fath 'Ali Shah and the date ...
Das, Chitta Ranjan: politician and leader of the Swaraj (Independence) Party in Bengal under British rule. [3 Related Articles]
Das, Govinda: (from the article "Hinduism") Another form of religious lyric are the so-called padas (verses). Govinda Das (1537-1612) is one of the greatest poets in this bhakti genre of poetry in which divine love is symbolized by human love. ...
Das, Jibanananda: (from the article "South Asian arts") If Tagore was the last poet in the Bengali tradition, Jibanananda Das was the first of a new breed. Musing and melancholy, yet known for vivid and unusual imagery Jibananada is a poet who has much influence on younger writers ...
dasa-sila: (from the article "sila") Buddhist morality is codified in the form of 10 precepts (dasa-sila), which require abstention from: (1) taking life; (2) taking what is not given; (3) committing sexual misconduct (interpreted as anything less than chastity for the monk and as sexual ...
Dasahara: (from the article "garaba") At the Dasahara festival (September) after the monsoon rains, girls carrying pitchers go from house to house and dance around the garabi, decorated pots containing offerings that are hung in the doorways. Later they celebrate by dancing around images of ...
Dasalaksana: (from the article "Paryusana") ...sect from the 13th day of the dark half of the month Bhadrapada (August-September) to the 5th day of the bright half of the month. Among Digambaras, a corresponding festival is called Dasalaksana, and it begins immediately following the Svetambara ...
Dasam Granth: collection of writings attributed to Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth and last spiritual leader of the Sikhs, a religious group in India. Dasam Granth is a short title for Dasven Padsah ka Granth (Punjabi: "The Book of the Tenth Emperor ... [3 Related Articles]
Dasanami Sannyasi: (from the article "monasticism") ...and Ramanuja (11th century CE). These teachers interpreted Vedanta theology (a religio-philosophical system concerned with the nature of ultimate reality) in incompatible ways. Shankara's order of Dashanami Sannyasi has traditionally set the monastic standards for the rest of Hindu India. ...
Dasavant: (from the article "South Asian arts") Of the large number of painters who worked in the imperial atelier, the most outstanding were Dasvant and Basavan. The former played the leading part in the illustration of the Razm-nameh. Basavan, who is preferred by some to Dasvant, painted ...
Daschle, Tom: American politician who was a member of the U.S. Senate (1987-2005) and from 2001 to 2003 served as the Senate's majority leader. [2 Related Articles]
Dascylium: (from the article "Anatolia") ...such as Lycia and western Cilicia, but they are also recognizable in other southern provinces such as Pamphylia, Pisidia, and Lycaonia. The Persian influence was strong in the northeastern city of Dascylium, an originally Lydian settlement that was chosen to ...
daseian notation: (from the article "Hucbald") ...description of music in several voices: parallel organum, in which a plainchant melody is sung in parallel fourths or parallel fifths. De alia musica deals with a notational system called daseian notation. Although it never became generally accepted, it was ...
Dasein: (from the article "Existentialism") ...and with other men, existence is always a being-in-the-world-i.e., in a concrete and historically determinate situation that limits or conditions choice. Man is therefore called Dasein ("there being") because he is defined by the fact that he exists, or is ...
Dasgupta, S. N.: (from the article "Indian philosophy") S.N. Dasgupta, a 20th-century Indian philosopher, has divided the history of Indian philosophy into three periods: the prelogical (up to the beginning of the Christian Era), the logical (from the beginning of the Christian Era up to the 11th century ...
dash: (from the article "punctuation") ...that clarification of syntax is the main object of punctuation. By the end of the 17th century the various marks had received their modern names, and the exclamation mark, quotation marks, and the dash had been added to the system.
Dash, Samuel: American lawyer (b. Feb. 27, 1925, Camden, N.J.-d. May 29, 2004, Washington, D.C.), had a more than 50-year-long career, including about 40 years as a professor at Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C., but attained national renown as chief counsel ...
Dashen, Mount: (from the article "Ethiopia") ...topographic component of Ethiopia. The most spectacular portion is the North Central massifs; these form the roof of Ethiopia, with elevations ranging from 15,157 feet (4,620 metres) for Mount Ras Dejen (or Dashen), the highest mountain in Ethiopia, to the ...
Dashijie: (from the article "Shanghai") ...years. In 2000 the former Shanghai Revolutionary History Memorial Hall was combined with the former residence of revolutionary leader Chen Yun to create a new museum based on Chen's life. The Dashijie ("Great World"), founded in the 1920s, is Shanghai's ...
Dashinsky, Dmitry: (from the article "Skiing") ...Bilodeau a distant second. In aerials competition, Olympic women's champion Evelyne Leu of Switzerland finished first in the World Cup by just 17 points over Alla Tsuper of Belarussia. Belarusian Dmitry Dashinsky, the Olympic silver medalist behind China's Han Xiaopeng, ...
Dashkova, Yekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova, Knyaginya: associate of Empress Catherine II the Great and a prominent patroness of the literary arts in 18th-century Russia.