ancient Assyrian city situated south of Mosul in northern Iraq. The city was first excavated by A.H. Layard during 1845-51 and afterward principally by M.E.L. (later Sir Max) Mallowan (1949-58).
town, in the province and autonomous community (region) of La Rioja, northern Spain, on the south bank of the Rio Cidacos near its confluence with the Ebro, southeast of Logrono city. Known as Calagurris to its original Celtiberian inhabitants, the ...
industrial seaport on the Strait of Dover, Pas-de-Calais departement, Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, northern France, 21 miles (34 km) by sea from Dover (the shortest crossing from England). On an island, now bordered by canals and ...
city, Washington county, eastern Maine, U.S., on the St. Croix River (there spanned by an international bridge to St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada), 98 miles (158 km) east-northeast of Bangor. The river is noted for its tidal surges, which can ...
in Greek mythology, the winged twin sons of Boreas and Oreithyia. On their arrival with the Argonauts at Salmydessus in Thrace, they liberated their sister Cleopatra, who had been thrown into prison by her husband, Phineus, the king of the ...
capital of El Loa province, Antofagasta region, northern Chile, on the Rio Loa in an extremely arid region. It lies on the western slope of the Andes at an altitude of 7,435 ft (2,266 m) and is linked to Antofagasta ...
islands lying between Mindoro and Palawan, west-central Philippines. The group comprises Busuanga, Culion, and Coron islands and about 95 lesser coral isles and islets. The main islands are quite hilly and are densely settled, with relatively stable populations engaged in ...
either of two zinc minerals. The name has been dropped in favour of the species names hemimorphite (q.v.; hydrous zinc silicate) and smithsonite (q.v.; zinc carbonate).
alloy of copper with zinc, produced by heating fragments of copper with charcoal and a zinc ore, calamine or smithsonite, in a closed crucible to red heat (about 1,300° C, or 2,400° F). The ore is reduced to a zinc ...
originally, a stem fragment of a fossil plant prominent during the coal age, the Carboniferous Period (from 286 million to 360 million years ago). As such, it was termed a form genus. Later, the connotation was broadened to include an ...
legendary American frontierswoman whose name was often linked with that of Wild Bill Hickok. The facts of her life are confused by her own inventions and by the successive stories and legends that accumulated in later years.
English Presbyterian theologian who contributed significantly to the writings of Smectymnuus (1641), the pen name under which was published the Calvinists' famous reply to the Anglican apology for bishops and liturgical worship in the church. The leader of the Presbyterian ...
genus of orchids, family Orchidaceae, containing about 150 species of primarily terrestrial plants native to Asia and South Africa, with one Central American and West Indian species. Some species lose their leaves during the dry season.
city, capital of Calarasi judet (county), southeastern Romania. It is located at the border with Bulgaria on the Borcea arm of the Danube and along Lake Calarasi, about 60 mi (100 km) east-southeast of Bucharest. Calarasi is first documented in ...
judet (county), southwestern Romania, occupying an area of 1,835 sq mi (4,754 sq km). The county, consisting mostly of lowlands, was formed in 1981 from portions of Ialomita and Ilfov districts. The Danube River, flowing northeastward, marks the county's eastern ...
city, northeastern Quindio department, Colombia, on the western slopes of the Andean Cordillera (mountains) Central, at 5,039 ft (1,536 m) above sea level. Like neighbouring Armenia, the departmental capital, it is an important coffee-growing centre. Calarca is on the major ...
Huguenot cloth merchant whose execution caused the philosopher Voltaire to lead a campaign for religious toleration and reform of the French criminal code.
priest, teacher, patron saint of Roman Catholic schools, and founder of the Ordo Clericorum Regularium Pauperum Matris Dei Scholarum Piarum (Order of Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools), popularly called Piarists. The Piarists are ...
(from Czech kolesa: "wheels"), also called Caleche, or Barouche, any of various open carriages, with facing passenger seats and an elevated coachman's seat joined to the front of the shallow body, which somewhat resembled a small boat. A ...
Italian editor, publisher, and writer whose book Le nozze di Cadmo e Armonia (1988; The Marriage of Cadmus and Harmony) achieved international critical and popular acclaim.
major military and religious order in Spain. The order was originated in 1158 when King Sancho III of Castile ceded the fortress of Calatrava to Raymond, abbot of the Cistercian monastery of Fitero, with instructions to defend it against the ...
a gold telluride mineral (AuTe2) that is a member of the krennerite group of sulfides and perhaps a structurally altered form (paramorph) of krennerite (q.v.); it generally contains some silver replacing gold. Calaverite is most commonly found in veins that ...
city, on the western coast of Samar Island, Philippines. The city lies along the Samar Sea at the mouth of the Calbayog River. It is a religious and educational centre, with fishing and mat-making the main industries. Calbayog is a ...
sedimentary rock formed of calcareous particles ranging in diameter from 0.06 to 2 mm (0.002 to 0.08 inch) that have been deposited mechanically rather than from solution. The particles, which consist of fossil materials, pebbles and granules of carbonate rock, ...
any of a class (Calcispongiae, or Calcarea) of sponges characterized by skeletons composed of calcium carbonate spicules (needlelike structures). Calcareous sponges occur mainly on the rocky bottoms of the continental shelves in temperate, shallow waters; they are usually dull in ...
in Greek mythology, the son of Thestor (a priest of Apollo) and the most famous soothsayer among the Greeks at the time of the Trojan War. He foretold the duration of the siege of Troy, demanded the sacrifice of Iphigeneia, ...
one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Calcisols are characterized by a layer of translocated (migrated) calcium carbonate-whether soft and powdery or hard and cemented-at some depth in the soil ...
the most common form of natural calcium carbonate (CaCo3), a widely distributed mineral known for the beautiful development and great variety of its crystals. It is polymorphous (same chemical formula but different crystal structure) with the minerals aragonite and vaterite ...
a protein hormone secreted in humans and other mammals by parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland, and in birds, fishes, and other nonmammalian vertebrates by cells of the ultimobranchial bodies, which are discrete calcitonin-secreting glands. Calcitonin lowers the concentration of ...
chemical element, one of the alkaline-earth metals of main Group IIa of the periodic table. It is the most abundant metallic element in the human body and the fifth most abundant element in the Earth's crust.
condition in which calcium is insufficient or is not utilized properly. Calcium is the mineral that is most likely to be deficient in the average diet. It is the chief supportive element in bones and teeth. Calcium salts make up ...
calcium-rich duricrust, a hardened layer in or on a soil. It is formed on calcareous materials as a result of climatic fluctuations in arid and semiarid regions. Calcite is dissolved in groundwater and, under drying conditions, is precipitated as the ...
machine for automatically performing arithmetical operations and certain mathematical functions. Modern calculators are descendants of a digital arithmetic machine devised by Blaise Pascal in 1642. Later in the 17th century, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz created a more advanced machine, and, especially ...
branch of mathematics concerned with the calculation of instantaneous rates of change (differential calculus) and the summation of infinitely many small factors to determine some whole (integral calculus). Two mathematicians, Isaac Newton of England and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz of Germany, ...
branch of mathematics concerned with the problem of finding a function for which the value of a certain integral is either the largest or the smallest possible. Many problems of this kind are easy to state, but their solutions commonly ...
city, capital of West Bengal state, and former capital (1772-1912) of British India. It is India's largest city and one of its major ports. The city is located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, once the main channel ...
state-controlled institution of higher learning founded by the British in India in 1857. Modeled on the University of London, Calcutta was originally a purely affiliating university that offered no actual instruction but was the examining and degree-granting authority for colleges ...
departamento, west-central Colombia. It is situated in the Cordillera Central of the Andes Mountains and is bounded by the Magdalena River on the east and the Cauca River on the west. Penetrated by Spaniards early in the ...
town, Leiria district, west-central Portugal, north of Lisbon. Its name, meaning "the queen's hot springs," recalls Queen Leonor, who founded a hospital there in 1485. By the end of the 19th century the town had become a popular spa. A ...
annual prize awarded "to the artist of the most distinguished American picture book for children." It was established in 1938 by Frederic G. Melcher, chairman of the board of the R.R. Bowker Publishing Company, and named for the 19th-century English ...
American sculptor best known as the originator of the mobile, a type of kinetic sculpture the delicately balanced or suspended components of which move in response to motor power or air currents; by contrast, Calder's stationary sculptures are called stabiles. ...
(Spanish: "caldron"), large bowlshaped volcanic depression more than one kilometre in diameter and rimmed by infacing scarps. Calderas usually, if not always, form by the collapse of the top of a volcanic cone or group of cones because of removal ...
westernmost metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, England. The metropolitan borough is part of the historic county of Yorkshire, except for a small area west of Todmorden that belongs to the historic county of Lancashire. The bleak gritstone Pennine ...
dramatist and poet who succeeded Lope de Vega as the greatest Spanish playwright of the Golden Age. Among his best-known secular dramas are El medico de su honra (1635; The Surgeon of His Honour), La vida es sueno (1635; Life ...
American physician and writer who, as cofounder and head of the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS), crusaded for the inclusion of responsible sex education in the public-school curriculum.
island in Carmarthen Bay of the Bristol Channel, Pembrokeshire (Sir Benfro) county, Wales. It lies 2.3 miles (3.7 km) south of the port of Tenby. The island is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long and 1 mile (1.6 km) across at ...
