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Carson, David ... Cartwright, Peter
Carson, David
American graphic designer, whose unconventional style revolutionized visual communication in the 1990s.
Carson, Edward Henry Carson, Baron
lawyer and politician known as the "uncrowned king of Ulster," who successfully led northern Irish resistance to the British government's attempts to introduce Home Rule for the whole of Ireland.
Carson, Kit
American frontiersman, trapper, soldier, and Indian agent whose contributions to westward expansion in the United States rank him among the nation's great folk heroes.
Carson, Rachel
American biologist well known for her writings on environmental pollution and the natural history of the sea.
Carstares, William
Presbyterian minister and leader of the Scottish church at the time of the Revolution Settlement.
Carstens, Asmus Jacob
portrait and historical painter of the German Neoclassical school who did much to infuse a classical spirit into the arts of the late 18th century.
Carstens, Karl
German politician who helped shape West Germany's place in postwar Europe, serving as the republic's president from 1979 to 1984.
cart
two-wheeled vehicle drawn by a draft animal, used throughout recorded history by numerous societies for the transportation of freight, agricultural produce, refuse, and people. The cart, usually drawn by a single animal, is known to have been in use by ...
Cartagena
capital of Bolivar departamento, northern Colombia, at the northern end of Cartagena Bay. The old walled sections, including the 17th-century fortress of San Felipe de Barajas, lie on a peninsula and the island of Getsemani, but the city now spreads ...
Cartagena
port city, in the provincia and comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community") of Murcia, southeastern Spain. It is the site of Spain's chief Mediterranean naval base. Its harbour, the finest on the east coast, is a deep, spacious bay dominated to seaward ...
Cartago
city, east-central Costa Rica. Lying at 4,720 feet (1,439 m) above sea level, the city is located on the fertile Central Plateau, at the foot of Irazu Volcano. Cartago was founded in 1563 and was the capital of Costa Rica ...
Cartan, Elie-Joseph
French mathematician who greatly developed the theory of Lie groups and contributed to the theory of subalgebras.
Cartan, Henri
French mathematician who made fundamental advances in the theory of analytic functions.
Carte du ciel
(French: "Map of the Heavens"), projected photographic mapping of some 10 million stars in all parts of the sky that was planned to include all stars of the 14th magnitude or brighter and to list in an associated catalog all ...
Carte, Richard D'Oyly
English impresario remembered for having managed the first productions of Gilbert and Sullivan operas, for elevating his era's musical taste, and for contributing to the development of theatre technology.
carte-de-visite
originally, a calling card, especially one with a photographic portrait mounted on it. Immensely popular in the mid-19th century, the carte-de-visite was touted by the Parisian portrait photographer Andre-Adolphe-Eugene Disderi, who patented the method in 1854. Disderi ...
cartel
association of independent firms or individuals for the purpose of exerting some form of restrictive or monopolistic influence on the production or sale of a commodity. The most common arrangements are aimed at regulating prices or output or dividing up ...
Carter Family
singing group consisting of Alvin Pleasant Carter, known as A.P. Carter (b. April 15, 1891, Maces Spring, Virginia, U.S., -d. November 7, 1960, Kentucky),, his wife, Sara, nee Sara Dougherty (b. July 21, 1898, Flatwoods, Virginia-d. January 8, 1979, ...
Carter, Angela
British author who reshaped motifs from mythology, legends, and fairy tales in her books, lending them a ghastly humour and eroticism.
Carter, Benny
American jazz musician, an original and influential alto saxophonist, who was also a masterly composer and arranger and an important bandleader, trumpeter, and clarinetist.
Carter, Betty
American jazz singer who is best remembered for the scat and other complex musical interpretations that showcased her remarkable vocal flexibility and musical imagination.
Carter, Don
American professional bowler who dominated the game from 1951 through 1964.
Carter, Elizabeth
English poet, translator, and member of a famous group of literary "bluestockings" who gathered around Mrs. Elizabeth Montagu.
Carter, Elliott
American composer whose erudite style and novel principles of polyrhythm, called metrical modulation, won worldwide attention. He was twice awarded the Pulitzer Prize for music, in 1960 and 1973.
Carter, Howard
British archaeologist, who made one of the richest and most celebrated contributions to Egyptology: the discovery (1922) of the largely intact tomb of King Tutankhamen.
Carter, Jimmy
39th president of the United States (1977-81), who served as the nation's chief executive during a time of serious problems at home and abroad. His perceived inability to deal successfully with those problems led to an overwhelming defeat in his ...
Carter, Maybelle
American guitarist whose distinctive playing style and long, influential career mark her as a classic figure in country music.
Carter, Mrs. Leslie
American actress with a sweeping, highly dramatic style, often called "the American Sarah Bernhardt."
Carter, Rosalynn
American first lady (1977-81), the wife of Jimmy Carter, 39th president of the United States, and mental health advocate. She was one of the most politically astute and active of all American first ladies.
Carteret, Sir George, Baronet
British Royalist politician and colonial proprietor of New Jersey.
Cartesianism
the philosophical and scientific traditions derived from the writings of the French philosopher Rene Descartes (1596-1650).
Carthage
city, seat of Jasper county, southwestern Missouri, U.S. It lies along Spring River, just east of Joplin. Established in 1842, it was named for ancient Carthage. During the American Civil War, it was a centre of border warfare and was ...
Carthage
city, seat (1833) of Hancock county, western Illinois, U.S. It lies near the Mississippi River, about 85 miles (135 km) southwest of Davenport, Iowa. Laid out in 1833 and named for the ancient North African city (see Carthage), the community ...
Carthage
great city of antiquity, traditionally founded on the north coast of Africa by the Phoenicians of Tyre in 814 BC. It is now a residential suburb of the city of Tunis. Its Phoenician name means New Town.
Carthage, Exarchate of
semiautonomous African province of the Byzantine Empire, centred in the city of Carthage, in North Africa. It was established in the late 6th century by the Byzantine emperor Maurice (reigned 582-602) as a military enclave in Byzantine territory occupied largely ...
Carthusian
an order of monks founded by St. Bruno of Cologne in 1084 in the valley of Chartreuse, north of Grenoble, Fr. The Carthusians, who played an important role in the monastic-reform movement of the 11th and 12th centuries, combine the ...
Cartier, Jacques
French mariner, whose explorations of the North American coast and the St. Lawrence River (1534, 1535, 1541-42) laid the basis for later French claims to Canada. He appears also to have voyaged to Brazil.
Cartier, Sir George Etienne, Baronet
statesman, Canadian prime minister jointly with Sir John Macdonald (1858-62), and promoter of federation and the improvement of Anglo-French relations in Canada.
Cartier-Bresson, Henri
French photographer whose humane, spontaneous photographs helped establish photojournalism as an art form. His theory that photography can capture the meaning beneath outward appearance in instants of extraordinary clarity is perhaps best expressed in his book Images a la sauvette ...
cartilage
dense connective tissue forming the skeleton of mammalian embryos before bone formation begins and persisting in parts of the human skeleton into adulthood. Cartilage is the only component of the skeletons of certain primitive vertebrates, including lampreys and sharks. It ...
Cartimandua
queen of the Brigantes, a large tribe in northern Britain, whose rule depended upon support from the invading Roman armies.
Cartland, Dame Barbara
English author of more than 700 books, mostly formulaic novels of romantic love set in the 19th century.
cartography
the art and science of graphically representing a geographical area, usually on a flat surface such as a map or chart; it may involve the superimposition of political, cultural, or other nongeographical divisions onto the representation of a geographical area.
Carton de Wiart, Henri, Comte
statesman, jurist, and author who helped further governmental responsibility for social welfare in Belgium.
cartoon
originally, and still, a full-size sketch or drawing used as a pattern for a tapestry, painting, mosaic, or other graphic art form, but also, since the early 1840s, a pictorial parody utilizing caricature, satire, and usually humour. Cartoons are used ...
cartouche
in architecture, ornamentation in scroll form, applied especially to elaborate frames around tablets or coats of arms; by extension, the word is applied to any oval shape or even to a decorative shield, whether scrolled or not. The term is ...
cartridge
in weaponry, unit of small-arms ammunition, composed of a metal (usually brass) case, a propellant charge, a projectile or bullet, and a primer. The first cartridges, appearing in the second half of the 16th century, consisted merely of charges of ...
Cartwright, Alexander Joy
chief codifier of the baseball rules from which the present rules were developed.
Cartwright, Edmund
English inventor of the first wool-combing machine and of the predecessor of the modern power loom.
Cartwright, John
advocate of radical reform of the British Parliament and of various constitutional changes that were later incorporated into the People's Charter (1838), the basic document of the working class movement known as Chartism. His younger brother Edmund was the inventor ...
Cartwright, Peter
Methodist circuit rider of the American frontier.
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