Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Carnarvon Gorge ... Caroline Of Brunswick-luneburg

Carnarvon Gorge: gorge in southeastern Queensland, Australia, on the eastern slopes of Carnarvon Range of the Great Dividing Range. The gorge, sometimes called "The Grand Canyon of Queensland," is about 20 miles (32 km) long and 150 to 1,200 feet (45 to ...
Carnarvon Range: plateau section of the Great Dividing Range, southeast-central Queensland, Australia. The Carnarvon Range lies 230 to 280 miles (370 to 450 km) inland from the coast west of Bundaberg and extends 100 miles (160 km) south. Its peaks average 3,000 ...
Carnarvon, George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th earl of, Baron Porchester Of Highclere: British Egyptologist who was the patron and associate of archaeologist Howard Carter in the discovery of the tomb of King Tutankhamen.
Carnarvon, Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert, 4th earl of, Baron Porchester Of Highclere: British statesman, a liberally inclined member of Conservative Party governments, who tried, with varying success, to establish federal self-government in British overseas possessions.
Carnatic music: music of southern India (generally south of the city of Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh state) that evolved from ancient Hindu traditions and was relatively unaffected by the Arabic and Iranian influences that, since the late 12th and early 13th centuries, ...
Carnatic Wars: series of military contests during the 18th century between the British, the French, the Marathas, and Mysore for control of the coastal strip of eastern India from Nellore (north of Madras) southward (the Tamil country). The name Carnatic properly refers ...
carnation: (Dianthus caryophyllus), herbaceous plant of the pink family (Caryophyllaceae), native to the Mediterranean area. It is widely cultivated for its fringe-petaled flowers, which often have a spicy fragrance.
carnauba wax: a vegetable wax obtained from the fronds of the carnauba tree (Copernicia cerifera) of Brazil. Valued among the natural waxes for its hardness and high melting temperature, carnauba wax is employed as a food-grade polish and as a hardening or ...
Carne, Marcel: motion-picture director noted for the poetic realism of his pessimistic dramas. He led the French cinema revival of the late 1930s.
Carneades: Greek philosopher who headed the New Academy at Athens when antidogmatic skepticism reached its greatest strength.
Carnegie Hall: historic concert hall at Seventh Avenue and 57th Street in New York City. Designed in a Neo-Italian Renaissance style by William B. Tuthill, the building opened in May 1891 and was eventually named for the industrialist Andrew Carnegie, its builder ...
Carnegie Mellon University: private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. The university includes the Carnegie Institute of Technology, the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, the College of Fine Arts, the Mellon College of Science, the School of Computer Science, ...
Carnegie, Andrew: Scottish-born American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He was also one of the most important philanthropists of his era.
Carnegie, Dale: American lecturer, author, and pioneer in the field of public speaking and the psychology of the successful personality.
Carneia: important religious festival among ancient Dorian-speaking Greeks, held in Karneios (roughly August). The name is connected with Karnos, or Karneios (probably meaning "ram"), said to have been a favourite of the god Apollo, unjustly killed by the descendants of Heracles ...
carnelian: a translucent, semiprecious variety of the silica mineral chalcedony that owes its red to reddish brown colour to colloidally dispersed hematite (iron oxide). It is a close relative of sard, differing only in the shade of red. Carnelian was highly ...
Carnera, Primo: Italian heavyweight boxing champion of the world from June 29, 1933, when he knocked out Jack Sharkey in six rounds in New York City, until June 14, 1934, when he was knocked out by Max Baer in 11 rounds, also ...
Carnesecchi, Pietro: controversial Italian humanist and religious reformer executed because of his sympathy for and affiliation with the Protestant Reformation. He was patronized by the Medici, particularly Pope Clement VII, to whom he became principal secretary. At Naples in 1540 he joined ...
Carney, Harry Howell: American musician, featured soloist in Duke Ellington's band and the first baritone saxophone soloist in jazz.
Carney, Robert Bostwick: U.S. Navy admiral and military strategist during World War II.
Carnian Stage: lowermost of three divisions of the Upper Triassic Series, representing those rocks deposited worldwide during Carnian time (227 million to 221 million years ago) in the Triassic Period. The stage name is probably derived from the Austrian state of Karnten ...
Carnic Alps: range of the Eastern Alps, extending along the Austrian-Italian border for 60 miles (100 km) from the Pustertal (valley) and the Piave River (west) to the Gailitz (Italian Silizza) River (east). The mountains are bounded by the Dolomites (southwest), the ...
Carniola: western region of Slovenia, which in the 19th century was a centre of Slovenian nationalist and independence activities within the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary. It was part of the Roman province of Pannonia in ancient times and was occupied by ...
carnitine: a water-soluble, vitamin-like compound related to the amino acids. It is an essential growth factor for mealworms and is present in striated (striped) muscle and liver tissue of higher animals. Carnitine, which can be synthesized by the higher animals, is ...
carnival: the merrymaking and festivity that takes place in many Roman Catholic countries in the last days and hours before the Lenten season. The derivation of the word is uncertain, though it possibly can be traced to the medieval Latin
carnival: a traveling entertainment combining the features of both circus and amusement park. Developing out of the same roots as the early 19th-century circus-the "mud shows," so called because they operated mainly in the open-carnivals traveled from town to town, bringing ...
carnival song: late 15th- and early 16th-century part song performed in Florence during the carnival season. The Florentines celebrated not only the pre-Lenten revelry but also the Calendimaggio, which began on May 1 and ended with the Feast of St. John on ...
carnivore: any member of the mammalian order Carnivora (literally, "flesh devourers" in Latin), comprising more than 270 species. In a more general sense, a carnivore is any animal (or plant; see carnivorous plant) that eats other animals, as opposed to a ...
carnivorous plant: any plant especially adapted for capturing insects and other tiny animals by means of ingenious pitfalls and traps and then subjecting them to the decomposing action of digestive enzymes, bacteria, or both. The approximately 400 known species of carnivorous plants ...
carnosaur: any of the dinosaurs belonging to the taxonomic group Carnosauria, a subgroup of the bipedal, flesh-eating theropod dinosaurs that evolved into predators of large herbivorous dinosaurs.
Carnot cycle: in heat engines, ideal cyclical sequence of changes of pressures and temperatures of a fluid, such as a gas used in an engine, conceived early in the 19th century by the French engineer Sadi Carnot. It is used as a ...
Carnot, Lazare: French statesman, general, military engineer, and administrator in successive governments of the French Revolution. As a leading member of the Committee for General Defense and of the Committee of Public Safety (1793-94) and of the Directory (1793-97), he helped mobilize ...
Carnot, Sadi: French scientist who described the Carnot cycle, relating to the theory of heat engines.
Carnot, Sadi: an engineer turned statesman who served as fourth president (1887-94) of the Third Republic until he was assassinated by an Italian anarchist.
carnotite: radioactive, bright-yellow, soft and earthy vanadium mineral that is an important source of uranium. A hydrated potassium uranyl vanadate, K₂(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂·nH₂O, pure carnotite contains about 53 percent uranium, 12 percent vanadium, and trace amounts of radium. It is of secondary origin, ...
Carnovsky, Morris: American actor who excelled in dialectal character roles and who was acclaimed on both stage and screen in his portrayals of thoughtful, troubled men.
Carnuntum: the most important ancient Roman legionary camp of the upper Danube frontier, situated at Petronell, 20 miles (32 km) east of Vienna. It was the emperor Tiberius's base in his attacks on the Marcomanni (AD 6), although a fort for ...
Caro, Annibale: Roman lyric poet, satirist, and translator, remembered chiefly for his translation of Virgil's Aeneid and for the elegant style of his letters.
Caro, Sir Anthony: English sculptor of abstract, loosely geometrical metal constructions.
carob: (Ceratonia siliqua), tree of the pea family (Fabaceae), native to the eastern Mediterranean region and cultivated elsewhere. It is sometimes known as locust, or St. John's bread, in the belief that the "locusts" on which John the Baptist fed were ...
carol: broadly, a song, characteristically of religious joy, associated with a given season, especially Christmas; more strictly, a late medieval English song on any subject, in which uniform stanzas, or verses (V), alternate with a refrain, or burden (B), in the ...
Carol I: first king of Romania, whose long reign (as prince, 1866-81, and as king, 1881-1914) brought notable military and economic development along Western lines but signally failed to confront the basic problems of an overwhelmingly rural nation.
Carol II: king of Romania (1930-40), whose controversial reign ultimately gave rise to a personal, corporatist dictatorship.
Carol, Martine: French film actress, the reigning blond sex symbol in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
carole: medieval European dance in a ring, chain, or linked circle, performed to the singing of the dancers. An indefinite number of persons participated, linking arms and following the step of the leader. The origins of the carole are in ancient ...
Carolina: town, northeastern Puerto Rico, part of metropolitan San Juan, located about 12 miles (19 km) east of the national capital. Situated on the banks of the Loiza River just above its marshy lowlands near the coast, the town was in ...
Caroline: county, eastern Maryland, U.S., lying between the Choptank River and Tuckahoe Creek to the west and Delaware to the east. In addition to the Choptank, it is drained by Marshyhope Creek. Caroline shares Tuckahoe State Park with neighbouring Queen Anne's ...
Caroline Atoll: coral formation in the Central and Southern Line Islands, part of Kiribati, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about 450 miles (720 km) northwest of Tahiti. It is made up of 20 islets, with a total area of 1.45 square miles ...
Caroline Islands: archipelago in the western Pacific Ocean, the islands of which comprise the Federated States of Micronesia (Kosrae [Kusaie], Pohnpei [Ponape], Chuuk [Truk], and Yap) and Palau. The Carolines may be divided into two physiographic units: to the east, coral caps ...
Caroline Of Brandenburg-ansbach: wife of King George II of Great Britain (reigned 1727-60). Beautiful and intelligent, she exercised an influence over her husband that was decisive in establishing and maintaining Sir Robert Walpole as prime minister (1730-42).
Caroline Of Brunswick-luneburg: wife of King George IV of the United Kingdom who-like her husband, who was also her cousin-was the centre of various scandals.