Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Candlemas ... canning

Candlemas: in the Christian church, festival on February 2, commemorating the occasion when the Virgin Mary, in obedience to Jewish law, went to the Temple in Jerusalem both to be purified 40 days after the birth of her son and to ...
candlepins: bowling game played on a standard tenpin lane with slender, cylindrical pins about 15 inches (38 cm) tall and tapered at both ends. The ball is 4.5 inches in diameter and 2 pounds 7 ounces (1.1 kg) in weight. Three ...
Candler, Asa Griggs: U.S. soft-drink manufacturer who developed Coca-Cola.
candlestand: stand to hold a candlestick, often composed of a column rising from tripod legs and supporting a circular or polygonal tray. Stands of this type evolved from medieval metal standards. Seventeenth-century English candlestands were of oak or walnut, 3 to ...
candling: egg-grading process in which the egg is inspected before a penetrating light in a darkened room for signs of fertility, defects, or freshness. First used to check embryo development in eggs being incubated, candling is used in modern commercial egg ...
Candolle, Alphonse Pyrame de: Swiss botanist who introduced new methods of investigation and analysis to phytogeography, a branch of biology that deals with the geographic distribution of plants.
Candolle, Augustin Pyrame de: Swiss botanist who established scientific structural criteria for determining natural relations among plant genera. After Charles Darwin's introduction of the principles of organic evolution, Candolle's criteria provided the empirical foundation for a modern evolutionary history of plants. His system of ...
candomble: local name in Bahia for the Brazilian Macumba (q.v.) cult.
Candra Gupta: (reigned c. 321-c. 297 BC), founder of the Maurya dynasty and the first emperor to unify most of India under one administration. Credited with saving the country from maladministration and freeing it from foreign domination, he fasted to death in ...
Candra Gupta I: (reigned 320-c. 330), Indian king, founder of the imperial dynasty of the Guptas.
Candra Gupta II: (reigned c. 380-c. 415), powerful emperor of northern India, son of Samudra Gupta and grandson of Candra Gupta I. During his reign, art, architecture, and sculpture flourished, and the cultural development of ancient India reached its climax.
Candrakirti: principal representative of the Prasangika school of Buddhist logic. Candrakirti wrote the famous commentary the Prasannapada ("The Clear Worded") on the thought of the Buddhist sage Nagarjuna. Although there were several earlier commentaries explaining Nagarjuna, Candrakirti's became the most authoritative; ...
candy: sweet food product. The application of the terms candy and confectionery varies among English-speaking countries. In the United States candy refers to both chocolate products and sugar-based confections; elsewhere "chocolate confectionery" refers to chocolates, "sugar confectionery" to the various sugar-based ...
candytuft: any of 30 species of Eurasian plants of the genus Iberis, of the mustard family (Brassicaceae). Most species are native to the Mediterranean region. Globe candytuft (I. umbellata), widely grown garden annual native to southern Europe, bears flat clusters of ...
cane fencing: (French canne), the art of defending oneself with a walking stick, developed in France by the 16th century but little practiced after the beginning of the 20th. In cane fencing, unlike singlestick, the thrust was as important as the cut. ...
cane furniture: furniture in which a mesh of split canes is stretched over parts of the framework, principally on the backs and seats of chairs. It was made in India as early as the 2nd century AD and was also known in ...
cane rat: either of two species of large, stocky African rodent. Weighing up to 7 kg (more than 15 pounds), cane rats can grow to a length of 61 cm (24 inches), not including the scantily haired tail, which measures up to ...
Canelo: South American Indian people that traditionally lived along the upper Pastaza, Bobonaza, and Napo rivers on the eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes. The original language and culture of the Canelo are poorly documented, because the Canelo were among the ...
Canelones: city, southern Uruguay. It was founded at a nearby site in 1774 and moved to its present location in 1783. Canelones serves as an administrative centre and also functions as a commercial and manufacturing centre for the agricultural and pastoral ...
Canetti, Elias: Bulgarian novelist and playwright whose works explore the emotions of crowds, the psychopathology of power, and the position of the individual at odds with the society around him. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1981.
Caney Fork River: river formed by the confluence of the Collins and Rocky rivers in central Tennessee, U.S. It flows for 144 miles (232 km) in a northwesterly direction to the Cumberland River, near Carthage, in Smith county. On the river are two ...
Canfield, Cass: American publisher and editor noted for his long association with Harper & Brothers (later Harper & Row) publishing company.
Cangas de Narcea: city, Asturias provincia and Asturias comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community"), northwestern Spain. It lies southwest of Oviedo city at the confluence of the Narcea and Luina rivers. The name combines cangas (meaning "town") with the Narcea, which is spanned by a ...
Cange, Charles du Fresne, Seigneur du: one of the great French universal scholars of the 17th century, who wrote dictionaries of medieval Latin and Greek using a historical approach to language that pointed toward modern linguistic criticism.
Caniapiscau River: river in Nord-du-Quebec region, northern Quebec province, Canada. Rising from Lake Caniapiscau in central Quebec, it flows generally northward for 460 miles (740 km) to its junction with the Larch River, discharging into Ungava Bay via the 85-mile- (137-kilometre-) long ...
Caniff, Milton: American comic-strip artist, originator of "Terry and the Pirates" and "Steve Canyon," which were noted for their fine draftsmanship, suspense, and humour.
canine: any of 34 living species of foxes, wolves, jackals, and other members of the dog family. Found throughout the world, canines tend to be slender, long-legged animals with long muzzles, bushy tails, and erect, pointed ears.
canine distemper: an acute, highly contagious, viral disease affecting dogs, foxes, wolves, mink, raccoons, and ferrets. A few days after exposure to the virus, the animal develops a fever, becomes apathetic, and refuses food and water. Further symptoms include coughing and discharges ...
canine tooth: in mammals, any of the single-cusped (pointed), usually single-rooted teeth adapted for tearing food, and occurring behind or beside the incisors (front teeth). Often the largest teeth in the mouth, the canines project beyond the level of the other teeth ...
canine viral hepatitis: acute viral infection common in young dogs, affecting the liver and inner lining of blood vessels. It is usually characterized by fever, lack of appetite, vomiting, intense thirst, abdominal tenderness, and hemorrhages. It also infects foxes, timber wolves, coyotes, and ...
Canisius College: private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Buffalo, New York, U.S. Affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic church, Canisius consists of the College of Arts and Sciences, the Richard J. Wehle School of Business, the School of ...
Canisius, Saint Peter: doctor of the church, Jesuit scholar, and strong opponent of Protestantism who has been called the Second Apostle of Germany.
canistel: (Lucuma nervosa), small tree of the sapodilla family (Sapotaceae), native to northern South America and cultivated in other tropical regions. It grows 3-7.5 m (10-25 feet) tall and has spreading branches, alternate leathery leaves, and small white flowers. The canistel ...
Canitz, Friedrich Rudolf, Baron von: one of a group of German court poets who prepared the way for the new ideas of the Enlightenment. His satires (Nebenstunden unterschiedener Gedichte; 1700) are dry and stilted imitations of French and Latin models but helped to introduce classical ...
cankam literature: the earliest writings in the Tamil language. The writings are thought to have been produced in three cankams, or literary academies, in Madurai, India, from the 1st to the 4th century AD. The Tolkappiyam, a book of grammar and rhetoric, ...
Cankar, Ivan: Slovene writer and patriot.
canker: disease of plants that is caused by numerous species of fungi and bacteria. Symptoms include round-to-irregular, sunken, swollen, flattened, or cracked, discoloured, and dead areas on the stem (cane), twig, limb, or trunk. Cankers may enlarge and girdle a twig ...
canker sore: a small, painful ulcer of the oral cavity. Canker sores are round, shallow, white ulcers on the inner surface of the cheek or lip. They are surrounded by an inflamed area and may reach 2.5 cm (1 inch) in size. ...
Cankiri: city, north-central Turkey. It lies at the confluence of the Tatli and the Aci rivers. Gangra, capital of the ancient Paphlagonian kings, was incorporated into the Roman province of Galatia (c. 6 BC) and renamed Germanicopolis. It was captured by ...
Canlaon: chartered city, central Negros island, Philippines. The former municipality, made a city in 1961, is named for Mount Canlaon (8,071 feet [2,460 m]), the volcano beneath whose eastern slopes it lies. A national park was established there in 1934, with ...
Canlaon, Mount: active volcano, north-central portion of the island of Negros, Philippines. It lies about 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Bacolod. Part of the volcanic Cordillera Central, it is, at 8,086 feet (2,465 m), the highest point in the Visayan Islands. ...
Cannabaceae: the hemp family of the nettle order (Urticales), containing two genera and three species of aromatic herbs distributed throughout temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Older authorities included the two genera, Cannabis and Humulus, in the mulberry family (Moraceae). Members ...
Cannabis: plant genus belonging to the family Cannabaceae of the nettle order (Urticales). The genus comprises one species, hemp (q.v.; C. sativa), a stout, aromatic, erect annual herb that originated in Central Asia and is now cultivated widely in the North ...
Cannaceae: the canna family of the ginger order (Zingiberales), a single genus with about 55 species, distributed from southeastern North America through South America. These tropical herbs possess rhizomes (underground stems) with erect stems growing to 3 m (10 feet) high. ...
Cannae, Battle of: (216 BC), major battle near the ancient village of Cannae, in Apulia (Puglia), southeastern Italy, between the forces of Rome and Carthage during the Second Punic War. The Romans were crushed by the troops of Hannibal, with the help of ...
Cannanore: city, northern Kerala state, southern India. A port on the Arabian Sea, Cannanore carried on important trade with Persia and Arabia in the 12th and 13th centuries AD. Until the 18th century it was the capital of the raja of ...
cannel coal: type of hydrogen-rich, sapropelic coal characterized by a dull black, sometimes waxy lustre. It was formerly called candle coal because it lights easily and burns with a bright, smoky flame. Cannel coal consists of micrinites, macerals of the exinite group, ...
Cannes: resort city of the French Riviera, in Alpes-Maritimes departement, Provence-Alpes-Cotes-d'Azur region, southeastern France. It lies southwest of Nice. Named for the canes of its once-reedy shore, it was probably settled by Ligurian tribesmen and occupied successively by Phocaeans, Celts (or ...
cannibalism: in zoology, the eating of any animal by another member of the same species. Cannibalism frequently serves as a mechanism to control population or to ensure the genetic contribution of an individual. In certain ants, injured immatures are regularly consumed. ...
cannibalism: eating of human flesh by humans. The term is derived from the Spanish name (Caribales, or Canibales) for the Carib, a West Indies tribe well known for their practice of cannibalism. A widespread custom going back into early human history, ...
canning: method of preserving food from spoilage by storing it in containers that are hermetically sealed and then sterilized by heat. The process was invented after prolonged research by Nicolas Appert of France in 1809, in response to a call by ...