| | - B cell
- (from the article "lymphocyte") The two primary types of lymphocytes are B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, or B cells and T cells. Both originate from stem cells in the bone marrow and are initially similar in appearance. Some lymphocytes migrate to the thymus, where ...
- B horizon
- (from the article "soil") Below A lies the B horizon. In mature soils this layer is characterized by an accumulation of clay (small particles less than 0.002 mm [0.00008 inch] in diameter) that has either been deposited out of percolating waters or precipitated by ...
- B ring
- (from the article "Saturn") The B ring is the brightest, thickest, and broadest of the rings. It extends from 1.52 to 1.95 Saturn radii and has optical depths between 0.4 and 2.5, the precise values dependent on both distance from Saturn and wavelength of ...
- B'nai B'rith
- (Hebrew: "Sons of the Covenant"), oldest and largest Jewish service organization in the world, with men's lodges, women's chapters, and youth chapters in countries all over the world. [1 Related Articles]
- b'stillah
- (from the article "Morocco") ...provide ample products for Moroccan kitchens. Meat staples include fish, lamb, and fowl-including pigeon, which is considered a delicacy when baked in pastry, the b'stillah, a national favourite. Tomatoes, peppers, onions, and eggplants are among the numerous ...
- B-1
- U.S. variable-wing strategic bomber that entered service in 1986 as a successor to the B-52 Stratofortress. The B-1 was designed to penetrate radar-guided air defenses by flying at low levels. It was built in two versions by Rockwell International. The ... [2 Related Articles]
- B-10
- (from the article "military aircraft") ...a 50-percent improvement over the biplane bombers then in service, without any reduction in bombload. Within months of its first flight, the B-9 was overshadowed completely by the Martin B-10 of 1932, which brought the biggest single advance in bomber ...
- B-15A
- (from the article "Antarctica") In November 2004 the iceberg B-15A began to drift away from Ross Island along the coast of Victoria Land. B-15A-which was 115 km long (1 km = about 0.62 mi) and had an area of more than 2,500 sq km ...
- B-17
- U.S. heavy bomber used during World War II. The B-17 was designed by the Boeing Aircraft Company in response to a 1934 Army Air Corps specification that called for a four-engined bomber at a time when two engines were the ... [5 Related Articles]
- B-1B
- (from the article "B-1") ...by Rockwell International. The B-1A, first flown in 1974, was designed to reach twice the speed of sound at high altitudes and to carry nuclear bombs and short-range attack missiles (SRAMs). The B-1B modified the basic airframe with stealth features, ...
- B-2
- (from the article "bomber") ...was effectively undetectable by the air defense radar systems of the time. Late 20th-century efforts to evade increasingly sophisticated radar early-warning systems culminated in the United States' B-2 Advanced Technology Bomber. This craft used "stealth" materials and shapes to reduce ...
- B-24
- long-range heavy bomber used during World War II by the U.S. and British air forces. It was designed by the Consolidated Aircraft Company (later Consolidated-Vultee) in response to a January 1939 U.S. Army Air Force (USAAF) requirement for a four-engined ... [2 Related Articles]
- B-25
- U.S. medium bomber used during World War II. The B-25 was designed by North American Aviation, Inc., in response to a prewar requirement and was first flown in 1940. A high-wing monoplane with a twin tail and tricycle landing gear, ...
- B-26
- U.S. medium bomber used during World War II. It was designed by the Glenn L. Martin Company Aviation in response to a January 1939 Army Air Forces requirement calling for a fast heavily-armed medium bomber; the result was an exceptionally ...
- B-26 Invader
- (from the article "attack aircraft") ...Il-2 Stormovik and the U.S. Douglas A-20 Havoc, which were armed with 20-millimetre cannons and .30- or .50-inch machine guns. Two other American attack aircraft of the 1940s and '50s were the Douglas B-26 Invader and the Douglas A-1 Skyraider. ...
- B-29
- U.S. heavy bomber used in World War II. It was the type of airplane that was used to firebomb Tokyo and other Japanese cities and that dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, on Aug. 6 and 9, 1945, ... [6 Related Articles]
- B-47
- (from the article "bomber") ...War II gained increased speed by jet propulsion, and their nuclear bombloads played a principal role in the superpowers' strategic thinking during the Cold War. Medium-range bombers such as the U.S. B-47 Stratojet, the British Valiant, Vulcan, and Victor, and ...
- B-52
- U.S. long-range heavy bomber, designed in 1948 and first flown in 1952. Though originally intended to be an atomic-bomb carrier capable of reaching the Soviet Union, it proved adaptable to a number of missions, and some B-52s were thus expected ... [5 Related Articles]
- B-9
- (from the article "military aircraft") ...fighters, changing to high-strength metal construction in the late 1920s and to monoplane design, which brought higher speeds, in the early 1930s. In 1931 the Boeing Aircraft Company produced the B-9 bomber. Anticipating all-metal fighters, the B-9 was the first ...
- B-class asteroid
- (from the article "Asteroid taxonomic classes") Asteroids of the B, C, F, and G classes have low albedos and spectral reflectances similar to those of carbonaceous chondritic meteorites and their constituent assemblages produced by hydrothermal alteration and/or metamorphism of carbonaceous precursor materials. Some C-class asteroids are ...
- B-DNA
- (from the article "nucleic acid") The double helical structure of normal DNA takes a right-handed form called the B-helix. The helix makes one complete turn approximately every 10 base pairs. B-DNA has two principal grooves, a wide major groove and a narrow minor groove. Many ...
- B-film
- cheaply produced, formulaic film initially intended to serve as the second feature on a double bill. During the 1930s and '40s, a period often called the Golden Age of Hollywood, B-films were usually paired with bigger-budget, more prestigious A-pictures; but ... [2 Related Articles]
- B-meson
- (from the article "particle accelerator") ...that they have different values of momentum. When they annihilate, the net momentum is not zero, as it is with particles of equal and opposite momentum, so new short-lived particles (specifically, B-mesons) are created in motion; this gives them an ...
- B-scan
- (from the article "ultrasonics") ...it encounters changes in acoustic impedance, which cause reflections. The amount and time delay of the various reflections can be analyzed to obtain information regarding the internal organs. In the B-scan mode, a linear array of transducers is used to ...
- B-spline
- (from the article "computer graphics") ...equivalently, by two points and the curve's slopes at those points. Two cubic curves can be smoothly joined by giving them the same slope at the junction. Bezier curves, and related curves known as B-splines, were introduced in computer-aided design ...
- B-type star
- (from the article "Space densities of stars") ...stars with surface temperatures typically of 25,000-50,000 K (although a few O-type stars with vastly greater temperatures have been described); lines of ionized helium appear in the spectra. Class B stars typically range from 10,000 K to 25,000 K and ...
- Ba
- ancient tribe and later an ancient Chinese feudal state that came into being in the 11th century BCE, under the Xi (Western) Zhou dynasty. It was situated in the Jialing valley of present-day eastern Sichuan and Chongqing municipality. Ba established ... [1 Related Articles]
- ba
- in ancient Egyptian religion, with the ka and the akh, a principal aspect of the soul; the ba appears in bird form, thus expressing the mobility of the soul after death. ... [3 Related Articles]
- Ba Jamal, 'Abd al-Qadir al-
- (from the article "Yemen") Area: 528,076 sq km (203,891 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 22,231,000 | Capital: Sanaa | Chief of state: President Maj. Gen. 'Ali 'Abdallah Salih | Head of government: Prime Ministers 'Abd al-Qadir al-Ba Jamal and, from April 7, Ali ...
- Ba Jin
- Chinese anarchist writer whose novels and short stories achieved widespread popularity in the 1930s and '40s. [3 Related Articles]
- Ba Maw
- politician who in 1937 became the first Burmese premier under British rule; he later was head of state in the pro-Japanese government during World War II (August 1943-May 1945). [4 Related Articles]
- ba'al shem
- in Judaism, title bestowed upon men who reputedly worked wonders and effected cures through secret knowledge of the ineffable names of God. Benjamin ben Zerah (11th century) was one of several Jewish poets to employ the mystical names of God ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ba'al Shem Tov
- charismatic founder (c. 1750) of Hasidism, a Jewish spiritual movement characterized by mysticism and opposition to secular studies and Jewish rationalism. He aroused controversy by mixing with ordinary people, renouncing mortification of the flesh, and insisting on the holiness of ... [6 Related Articles]
- Ba'labakki, Layla
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...adopted-though often only half-understood-by young Arab, Turkish, or Persian writers. Some of them, nevertheless, have achieved interesting results from time to time: an example is Layla Ba'labakki, whose semiautobiographical novel, I Live, is regarded as an outstanding literary achievement in ...
- Ba'qubah
- town, east-central Iraq. Located on the Diyala River and on a road and a rail line between Baghdad and Iran, it is a regional trade centre for agricultural produce and livestock. The name comes from the Aramaic Baya 'quba, meaning ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ba'th Party
- Arab political party advocating the formation of a single Arab socialist nation. It has branches in many Middle Eastern countries and was the ruling party in Syria from 1963 and in Iraq from 1968 to 2003. [19 Related Articles]
- Ba, Mariama
- (from the article "African literature") ...the form of "dialogues," either between Islam and Western materialism or between traditional autocracy and Christian compassion. Remarkable as women writers in a hitherto male world were Mariama Ba, recipient of the first Noma Award for publishing in Africa for ...
- Baade, Walter
- (from the article "Icarus") ...has a more eccentric orbit and also approaches nearer the Sun (within 30 million km [19 million miles]) than does any other known body in the solar system except comets. It was discovered in 1949 by Walter Baade of the ...
- Baader, Andreas
- (from the article "Red Army Faction") West German radical leftist group formed in 1968 and popularly named after two of its early leaders, Andreas Baader (1943-77) and Ulrike Meinhof (1934-76).
- Baader, Franz Xaver von
- Roman Catholic layman who became an influential mystical theologian and ecumenicist. [1 Related Articles]
- Baal
- god worshiped in many ancient Middle Eastern communities, especially among the Canaanites, who apparently considered him a fertility deity and one of the most important gods in the pantheon. As a Semitic common noun baal (Hebrew ba'al) meant "owner" or ... [22 Related Articles]
- Baal Epic
- (from the article "epic") ...alphabet, from Ras Shamra (the site of ancient Ugarit), in northern Syria, there are important fragments of three narrative poems. One of these is mythological and recounts the career of the god Baal, which seems to coincide with the yearly ...
- Baal Hammon
- (from the article "North Africa") ...in antiquity for the intensity of their religious beliefs, which they retained to the end of their independence and which in turn influenced the religion of the Libyans. The chief deity was Baal Hammon, the community's divine lord and protector, ...
- Baal, J. van
- (from the article "providence") ...need of reassurance that he is not an unimportant item in an indifferent world; if he cannot be comforted, to be threatened is better than to be alone in an empty void of nothingness. According to J. van Baal, a ...
- Baal-berith
- (from the article "Abraham") ...of which has been perceived more clearly as a result of recent archaeological excavations. From the mid-13th to the mid-11th century BC, Shechem was the site of the cult of the Canaanite god Ba'al-Berit (Lord of the Covenant). The architecture ...
- Baalat
- (from West Semitic ba'alat, "lady"), often used as a synonym for the special goddess of a region; also, the chief deity of Byblos. Very little is known of Baalat, "the Lady [of Byblos]," but, because of the close ties between ... [1 Related Articles]
- Baalbeck
- large archaeological complex encompassing the ruins of an ancient Roman town in eastern Lebanon. It is located in the broad Al-Biqa' (Bekaa Valley) region, at an elevation of roughly 3,700 feet (1,130 metres), about 50 miles (80 km) east-northeast of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Baalbek International Festival
- (from the article "Lebanon") Lebanon's antiquities and ruins have provided not only inspiration for artists but also magnificent backdrops for annual music festivals, most notably the Baalbek International Festival. At one time, international opera, ballet, symphony, and drama companies of nearly all nationalities competed ...
- Baalot
- (from the article "biblical literature") The religion of the Canaanites was an agricultural religion, with pronounced fertility motifs. Their main gods were called the Baalim (Lords), and their consorts the Baalot (Ladies), or Asherah (singular), usually known by the personal plural name Ashtoret. The god ...
- Baarova, Lida
- Czech actress (b. 1914, Prague, Austro-Hungarian Empire [now Czech Rep.]-d. Oct. 27, 2000, Salzburg, Austria), appeared in a number of successful German films in the 1930s, including Barcarole (1935) and Die Stunde der Versuchung (1936), but her career was damaged ...
- Baasha
- (from the article "biblical literature") The dynasties of the northern kingdom were shortlived. Jeroboam was succeeded by his son Nadab, who reigned for two years before he was overthrown by Baasha, who decimated the house of Jeroboam. Reigning for 24 years, Baasha (who "did what ...
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