| Alam al-Halfa, Battle of ... Alaska paper birch |
| | - Alam al-Halfa, Battle of
- (from the article "World War II") ...the north at a much shorter distance from the breach than Rommel had planned. Their assault thus ran mainly into the position held by the British 22nd Armoured Brigade, to the southwest of the ridge 'Alam al-Halfa'. Shortage of fuel ...
- Alaman, Lucas
- politician and historian, the leader of Mexican conservatives for nearly 30 years and the spokesman for a strong, centralized government that would support industrialization, educational expansion, and agricultural modernization. Living during a corrupt and brutal period of Mexican politics, he ...
- Alamance Battleground State Historic Site
- (from the article "Burlington") Textiles and apparel are still important and are augmented by diversified manufactures (electronic equipment, chemicals, plastics, and machinery) and printing and publishing. Nearby is the Alamance Battleground State Historic Site, where the Regulators, a group of dissident colonists, were defeated ...
- Alamanni, Luigi
- (from the article "Italian literature") ...this period, chiefly by Giovanni Rucellai, who recast in Le api (1539; "The Bees") the fourth book of the Roman poet Virgil's Georgics, and by Luigi Alamanni, in six books on agriculture and rustic life called La ...
- Alamayyahu, Haddis
- (from the article "African literature") ...Ahari (1963; "Fallen Woman") by Innanu Aggonafir (pseudonym of Nagash Gabra Maryam). Haddis Alamayyahu's novel Wanjalannak Danna (1974; "The Crooked Judge") depicts corruption in the...
- alambana-pratyaya
- (from the article "pratyaya") ...the disappearance of the mental activity of the first moment is regarded as the cause for the appearance of that of the second moment; (3) the object as a cause (alambana-pratyaya), since the object present in the preceding moment becomes ...
- Alamblak
- (from the article "art and architecture, Oceanic") ...of the Sepik River and among the hills ranging across the southern border of the Sepik valley, including the Hunstein Mountains. The most spectacular works in this style were figures carved by the Alamblak in the eastern Sepik Hills. The ...
- Alameda
- city, Alameda county, California, U.S. It lies on a 6.5-mile- (11-km-) long by 1-mile- (1.6-km-) wide island in San Francisco Bay, across the Oakland Harbor Channel from Oakland, with which it is connected by bridges and underground tunnels. The site ...
- Alamein, battles of El-
- (from the article "World War II") The ensuing First Battle of el-Alamein, which lasted throughout July 1942, marked the end of the German hopes of a rapid victory. Rommel's troops, having come so far and so fast, were exhausted; their first assaults failed to break the ...
- Alamein, El-
- coastal town in northwestern Egypt, about 60 miles (100 km) west of Alexandria, that was the site of two major battles between British and Axis forces in 1942 during World War II. El-Alamein is the seaward (northern) end of a ...
- Alamgir II
- Mughal emperor of India who disgraced his reign (1754-59) by his weakness and his disregard for his subjects' welfare. [1 Related Articles]
- Alamgirpur
- (from the article "India") ...Kacchi desert region of Balochistan, Pak., toward Sibi and Quetta. East of the Indus system, toward the north, a number of sites occur right up to the edge of the Himalayan foothills, where at Alamgirpur, north of Delhi, the easternmost ...
- Alamieyeseigha, Diepreye
- (from the article "Nigeria") ...of all state or federal funds at home and abroad. On August 3 the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation raided the Maryland home of Vice Pres. Atiku Abubakar, and on September 15 Bayelsa state Gov. Diepreye Alamieyeseigha was arrested in ...
- Alamo
- 18th-century Franciscan mission in San Antonio, Texas, U.S., that was the site of a historic resistance effort by a small group of determined fighters for Texan independence (1836) from Mexico. [4 Related Articles]
- Alamogordo
- city, seat (1899) of Otero county, southern New Mexico, U.S. It lies at the western base of the Sacramento Mountains and east of the Tularosa Basin. Founded by John A. and Charles B. Eddy in 1898 and named for its ... [2 Related Articles]
- Alamosa
- city, seat (1913) of Alamosa county, southern Colorado, U.S. It lies along the Rio Grande in the San Luis Valley, on the western flank of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Founded as Garland City near the site of a small ...
- Alamut
- (from the article "Iran") ...movement in Iran crystallized under the leadership of Hasan-e Sabbah, who had been trained in Fatimid Egypt. In 1090 Hasan gained the castle of Alamut in the Elburz Mountains, and the order's principal cells were thereafter situated, so far as ...
- Alanbrooke, Alan Francis Brooke, 1st Viscount, Baron Alanbrooke of Brookeborough
- British field marshal and chief of the Imperial General Staff during World War II.
- Aland Convention
- (from the article "Sweden") ...The peace treaty that was concluded in Paris shortly afterward, however, ended the hopes cherished in Sweden of winning Finland, or at least Aland, back again. All that was gained was the Aland Convention, which forbade Russia to build fortifications ...
- Aland Islands
- archipelago constituting Aland (Ahvenanmaa) autonomous territory, southwestern Finland. The islands lie at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia, 25 miles (40 km) east of the Swedish coast, at the eastern edge of the Aland Sea. The archipelago has a ... [4 Related Articles]
- Aland, Congress of
- (from the article "Russia") ...the Hango (Gangut) peninsula and raided the Swedish mainland. The death of Charles XII (killed accidentally in Norway in 1718, soon after his return from Turkey) led to protracted negotiations (Congress of Aland) that ultimately resulted in the Peace of ...
- Aland, Kurt
- (from the article "biblical literature") ...of gospels as a whole, formally and theologically, with patterns or cycles to be investigated. It may be significant that the latest and best regarded Greek synopsis is that of the German scholar Kurt Aland, Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum (1964; Synopsis ...
- Alani
- an ancient nomadic pastoral people that occupied the steppe region northeast of the Black Sea. The Alani were first mentioned in Roman literature in the 1st century AD and were described later as a warlike people that specialized in horse ... [5 Related Articles]
- alanine
- either of two amino acids, one of which (alpha-alanine) is a constituent of proteins. An especially rich source of alpha-alanine is silk fibroin, from which the amino acid was first isolated in 1879. Alanine is one of several so-called nonessential ... [5 Related Articles]
- Alaotra, Lake
- (from the article "Madagascar") There are many lakes of volcanic origin on the island, such as Lake Itasy. Alaotra is the last surviving lake of the eastern slope. Lake Tsimanampetsotsa, near the coast south of Toliara (formerly Tulear), is a large body of saline ...
- alapa
- in the art musics of South Asia, improvised melody structures that reveal the musical characteristics of a raga. Variant forms of the word-alap in northern Indian music and alapana in Carnatic music (where the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Alapayevsk
- city, Sverdlovsk oblast (province), west-central Russia, on the Neyva River. It is one of the oldest centres of the iron and steel industry in the Urals (an ironworks was established there in 1704). It also has machine-tool, timbering, and metalworking ...
- Alar
- (from the article "Agricultural chemicals") Daminozide, also known as Alar, is a plant growth regulator used to improve the appearance and shelf life of apples. Because of its carcinogenicity in animals (Table 1), concerns have been raised that daminozide may produce tumours in children who ...
- Alara
- (from the article "Napata") ...to Napata, where they may have Egyptianized the native princes of Cush, inspiring them-from about 750-to conquer a degenerate Egypt. The descendants of the first known Cushite prince, Alara (c. 790 BC), established themselves as the 25th dynasty of Egypt; ...
- Alarcon y Ariza, Pedro Antonio de
- writer remembered for his novel El sombrero de tres picos (1874; The Three-Cornered Hat). [3 Related Articles]
- Alarcon, Fabian
- (from the article "Arteaga, Rosalia") ...of Abdala Bucaram. In February 1997 the National Congress, which had accused Bucaram of widespread corruption and nepotism, declared him mentally unfit to govern. The president of the Congress, Fabian Alarcon, was chosen by that body to serve as interim ...
- Alarcon, Ricardo
- (from the article "Cuba") ...kept a low profile, while other top officials took on more prominent roles, including Vice Pres. Carlos Lage, Foreign Minister Felipe Perez Roque, and the president of the National Assembly, Ricardo Alarcon. Cuban authorities declared the condition of Fidel Castro's ...
- Alarcos, Battle of
- (July 18, 1195), celebrated Almohad victory in Muslim Spain over the forces of King Alfonso VIII of Castile. In 1190 the Almohad caliph Abu Yusuf Ya'qub forced an armistice on the Christian kings of Castile and Leon, after repulsing their ... [2 Related Articles]
- Alaric
- chief of the Visigoths from 395 and leader of the army that sacked Rome in August 410, an event that symbolized the fall of the Western Roman Empire. [8 Related Articles]
- Alaric II
- king of the Visigoths, who succeeded his father Euric on Dec. 28, 484. He was married to Theodegotha, daughter of Theodoric, the Ostrogothic king of Italy. [5 Related Articles]
- alarm pheromone
- (from the article "pheromone") ...the complex activities of a colony. Some ants lay scent pheromones along a trail leading to a food source so that other members of the colony can find the food. Pheromones are also used to signal the presence of danger. ...
- alarm signal
- in zoology, a ritualized means of communicating a danger or threat among the members of an animal group. In many cases the signal is visual or vocal, but some animals-ants, bees, and certain fishes, for example-secrete chemical substances. Alarm communications ... [2 Related Articles]
- alarm substance
- (from the article "pheromone") ...along a trail leading to a food source so that other members of the colony can find the food. Pheromones are also used to signal the presence of danger. A wounded minnow has been shown to release a chemical from ...
- alary muscle
- (from the article "circulation") ...muscular walls. The walls are perforated by pairs of lateral openings (ostia) that allow blood to flow into the heart from a large surrounding sinus, the pericardium. The heart may be suspended by alary muscles, contraction of which expands the ...
- Alas, Leopoldo
- novelist, journalist, and the most influential literary critic in late 19th-century Spain. His biting and often-bellicose articles, sometimes called paliques ("chitchat"), and his advocacy of liberalism, anticlericalism, and literary naturalism not only made him Spain's most feared ... [1 Related Articles]
- Alasehir
- town, western Turkey. It lies in the Kuzu River valley, at the foot of the Boz Mountain. Founded about 150 BC by a king of Pergamum, it became an important town of the Byzantine Empire. It was not taken by ...
- Alash Orda
- (from the article "Central Asia, history of") With the collapse of tsarist rule, the Westernized Kazak elite formed a party, the Alash Orda, as a vehicle through which they could express their aspirations for regional autonomy. Having found during the Russian Civil War that the anticommunist "Whites" ...
- Alaska
- constituent state of the United States of America. It lies at the extreme northwest of the North American continent and is the largest peninsula in the Western Hemisphere. Its 591,004 square miles (1,530,700 square km) include some 15,000 square miles ... [35 Related Articles]
- Alaska blackfish
- (species Dallia pectoralis), Arctic freshwater fish, assigned by most authorities to the family Umbridae but by others to the separate family Dalliidae. The fish is about 20 cm (8 inches) long, with a dark, streamlined body, protruding lower jaw, and ...
- Alaska Current
- surface oceanic current, a branch of the West Wind Drift that forms a counterclockwise gyre in the Gulf of Alaska. In contrast to typical sub-Arctic Pacific water, Alaska Current water is characterized by temperatures above 39° F (4° C) and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Alaska earthquake of 1964
- earthquake that occurred in south-central Alaska on March 27, 1964, with a Richter scale magnitude of 9.2. It released at least twice as much energy as the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 and was felt on land over an area ... [2 Related Articles]
- Alaska Gas Pipeline
- (from the article "Arctic Regions") ...This pipeline would run partly offshore, crossing the Baydaratskaya Bay and thus avoiding the Ural Mountains. Meanwhile, Alaskan Gov. Sarah Palin called for initial proposals to build the 5,600-km Alaska Gas Pipeline, which was expected to cost more than $20 ...
- Alaska Highway
- road (1,523 miles [2,451 km] long) through the Yukon, connecting Dawson Creek, B.C., with Fairbanks, Alaska. It was previously called the Alaskan International Highway, the Alaska Military Highway, and the Alcan (Alaska-Canadian) Highway. It was constructed by U.S. Army engineers ... [4 Related Articles]
- Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
- (from the article "Aleutian Islands") ...rainfall, and persistent fog, the Aleutians are practically devoid of trees but are covered with a luxuriant growth of grasses, sedges, and many flowering plants. The Aleutian Islands unit of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge covers 4,250 square miles ...
- Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
- (from the article "American Subarctic peoples") ...from protest through land claims and other legal actions, to prevent or ameliorate the effects of such development. Many of their efforts have proven successful, most notably those resulting in the Alaskan Native Claim Settlement Act (U.S., 1971) and associated ...
- Alaska paper birch
- (from the article "paper birch") ...leaves, about six centimetres long; the mountain paper birch (variety cordifolia), with white bark, is a small, sometimes shrubby tree of Canada and the eastern and midwestern U.S. In the Alaska paper birch (variety humilis) the nearly triangular leaves are ...
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