| | - Al bu Falah
- (from the article "United Arab Emirates") ...were centred on the Al-'Ayn and Al-Liwa' oases of Abu Zaby, and their strength was land-based. Under the leadership of the Al Nahyan (members of the Al Bu Falah tribe), the Banu Yas have been the most powerful element in ...
- Al Bu Sa'id dynasty
- Muslim dynasty of Oman, in southeastern Arabia (c. 1749 to the present), and of Zanzibar, in East Africa (c. 1749-1964). [3 Related Articles]
- Al Thani dynasty
- (from the article "Qatar") ...Qatar as a Bahraini dependency. It then signed a separate treaty with Muhammad ibn Thani in 1868, setting the course both for Qatar's future independence and for the rule of the Al Thani, who until the treaty were only one ...
- Al Wahibah Dunes
- sandy desert, east-central Oman. It fronts the Arabian Sea on the southeast and stretches along the coast for more than 100 miles (160 km). The desert consists of honey-coloured dunes that are dark red at their base and rise to ... [1 Related Articles]
- al-
- Arabic definite article, meaning "the." It often prefixes Arabic proper nouns, especially place-names; an example is Al-Jazirah (Arabic: "The Island"), the name of an interfluvial region in The Sudan. The article is often used in lowercase form, hence al-Jazirah. Reference ...
- Al-Anon
- (from the article "alcoholism") ...regard AA as, at worst, an inexpensive addition to any therapeutic regimen and, at best, the relapse-prevention technique of choice. AA has spawned allied but independent organizations, including Al-Anon, for spouses and other close relatives and friends of alcoholics, and ...
- Al-Aswani, 'Ala'
- The appearance in 2002 of 'Imarat Ya'qubiyyan (The Yacoubian Building), the first novel by 'Ala' al-Aswani (Alaa Al Aswany), was in itself a novel event. The book attracted an unprecedented number of readers in Egypt and throughout the Arab world. ... [2 Related Articles]
- Al-Firdan Bridge
- longest rotating metal bridge in the world, spanning the Suez Canal in northeastern Egypt, from the lower Nile River valley near Ismailia to the Sinai Peninsula. Opened on Nov. 14, 2001, the bridge has a single railway track running down ...
- al-Halabi, Ibrahim
- (from the article "Syria") ...and the Christian communities in Aleppo and Lebanon brought forth scholars. Muslim Arab culture of the time produced the theologian 'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulusi, as well as Ibrahim al-Halabi, a systematic jurist.
- Al-Idrisi
- (from the article "Spain") ...in Muslim Spain were Abu 'Ubayd al-Bakri (died 1094), who wrote the Kitab al-masalik wa'l-mamalik ("Book of Highways and of Kingdoms"), and al-Idrisi (died 1166), who was in the service of Roger II of Sicily and is the author of ...
- Al-Quds University
- (from the article "Jerusalem") ...to the medical school at 'En Kerem and the Faculty of Agriculture in Rehovot. The old buildings on Mount Scopus have been renovated and supplemented by a new complex of buildings. Al-Quds University (1995), a Palestinian Arab institution with headquarters ...
- ala
- (from the article "sacrum") ...top of the first (uppermost) sacral vertebra articulates with the last (lowest) lumbar vertebra. The transverse processes of the first three sacral vertebrae are fused to form wide lateral wings, or alae, and articulate with the centre-back portions of the ...
- Ala'ud'din
- sultan of the Malay kingdom of Johore from 1528. He is sometimes considered the cofounder of the kingdom with his father, Mahmud Shah, the last sultan of Malacca, who established Johore on the island of Bintang (southeast of Singapore) in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Alabama
- constituent state of the United States of America, admitted in 1819 as the 22nd state. Alabama forms a roughly rectangular shape on the map, elongated in a north-south direction. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the ... [10 Related Articles]
- Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University
- public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Normal, Alabama, U.S., a historically black school. The university comprises the schools of Graduate Studies and Extended Education, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Arts and Sciences, Business, Education, and Engineering and Technology. It offers ...
- Alabama claims
- maritime grievances of the United States against Great Britain, accumulated during and after the American Civil War (1861-65). The claims are significant in international law for furthering the use of arbitration to settle disputes peacefully and for delineating certain responsibilities ... [5 Related Articles]
- Alabama Platform
- in U.S. history, Southern political leader William L. Yancey's response (1848) to the antislavery Wilmot Proviso (q.v.). The Alabama platform insisted that the U.S. government protect slavery in territories ceded to the United States by Mexico and that no territorial ... [1 Related Articles]
- Alabama River
- river in southern Alabama, U.S. It is formed by the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers, 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Montgomery, winds westward to Selma, and then flows southward. Its navigable length is 305 miles (491 km), and the river ...
- Alabama State University
- public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Montgomery, Alabama, U.S. It is a historically black school, and its enrollment is predominantly African American. Alabama State offers bachelor's and master's degree programs in the schools of Music and Graduate Studies and ...
- Alabama, flag of
- U.S. state flag consisting of a white field with a red saltire (diagonal cross).
- Alabama, University of
- state university with campuses at Tuscaloosa (main campus), Birmingham, and Huntsville. All three branches offer a wide university curriculum and programs for bachelor's, master's, and doctorate degrees. The University of Alabama School of Law is in Tuscaloosa, and the School ... [1 Related Articles]
- alabaster
- fine-grained, massive gypsum (q.v.) that has been used for centuries for statuary, carvings, and other ornaments. It normally is snow-white and translucent but can be artificially dyed; it may be made opaque and similar in appearance to marble by heat ... [4 Related Articles]
- Alabaster, William
- English poet, mystic, and scholar in Latin and Hebrew, author of a Latin tragedy, Roxana (1597, published 1632), which the 18th-century critic Samuel Johnson thought was the finest Latin writing in England before John Milton's elegies.
- alabastron
- elongated, narrow-necked flask, used as a perfume or unguent container. The Greek alabastron has no handles but often lugs (ear-shaped projections), sometimes pierced with string holes. There are three types of classical alabastron: a basic Corinthian bulbous shape about 3 ...
- Alaca Huyuk
- ancient Anatolian site northeast of the old Hittite capital of Hattusa at Bogazkoy, north-central Turkey. Its excavation was begun by Makridi Bey in 1907 and resumed in 1935 by the Turkish Historical Society. Inside a sphinx gate, traces of a ... [3 Related Articles]
- Alacaluf
- South American Indian people, very few (about 10) in number, living on the eastern coast of Isla Wellington in southern Chile. Their culture closely resembles that of the extinct Chono (q.v.) to the north and the Yamana (q.v.) to the ... [4 Related Articles]
- Alacoque, Saint Margaret Mary
- (from the article "La Colombiere, Claude Blessed") Jesuit who assisted St. Margaret Mary Alacoque in establishing the devotion to the Sacred Heart.feast of Sacred HeartSacred Heart...was fostered by Carthusian and Jesuit priests and promoted by St. Francis ...
- Aladag
- (from the article "Taurus Mountains") ...in southern Turkey, a great chain running parallel to the Mediterranean coast. The system extends along a curve from Lake Egridir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates River in the east. Aladag (10,935 feet [3,333 m]) ...
- Aladagh
- (from the article "Elburz Mountains") ...arc eastward from the frontier with Turkmenistan southwest of the Caspian Sea to the Khorasan region of northeastern Iran, southeast of the Caspian Sea, where the range merges into the Aladagh, the more southerly of the two principal ranges there. ...
- Aladdin
- hero of one of the best-known stories in The Thousand and One Nights.
- Aladura
- (Yoruba: "Owners of Prayer"), religious movement among the Yoruba peoples of western Nigeria, embracing some of the independent prophet-healing churches of West Africa. The movement, which in the early 1970s had several hundred thousand adherents, began about 1918 among the ...
- alafin
- (from the article "Oyo") town, Oyo state, southwestern Nigeria. Oyo lies 32 miles (51 km) north of Ibadan. In the 1830s it was declared the new seat of the alafin of Oyo (the political leader of the Yoruba people) by Alafin Atiba, after Old ...
- Alagakonara
- (from the article "Sri Lanka") ...rock, which he strengthened with ramparts and trenches. His successors moved the capital southward again to Kurunegala and then to Gampola toward the Central Highlands about 1344. Meanwhile, the Alagakonara, a powerful Sinhalese family, attained a strong position at Rayigama, ...
- Alagiyavanna Mahottala
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...the plentiful eulogies of the Buddha. Popular, too, was didactic verse, among the most notable of which is the Kusajataka, 687 stanzas of epigrams and exempla by the 17th-century poet Alagiyavanna Mohottala.
- Alagna, Roberto, and Gheorghiu, Angela
- In 1996 French-born tenor Roberto Alagna and Romanian soprano Angela Gheorghiu created their own personal operatic libretto with a highly publicized romance that resulted in marriage in May. The pair first met in 1992 while appearing opposite each other as ...
- Alagna, Roberto, and Gheorghiu, Angela
- In 1996 French-born tenor Roberto Alagna and Romanian soprano Angela Gheorghiu created their own personal operatic libretto with a highly publicized romance that resulted in marriage in May. The pair first met in 1992 while appearing opposite each other as ...
- Alagoas
- (from the article "Brazil") In early February the Congress convened, and the Senate reelected Alagoas Sen. Renan Calheiros of the Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (PMDB) as its president. Calheiros was a central figure in a number of corruption scandals that plagued the ...
- Alagoas
- estado (state) of northeastern Brazil. It is the second smallest of Brazil's states and is an agricultural region in the early stages of industrialization. Situated on the northern bank of the Sao Francisco River, it is bounded ... [1 Related Articles]
- Alagoinhas
- city, northeastern Bahia estado (state), northeastern Brazil, lying 35 miles (56 km) inland from the Atlantic coast at 607 feet (185 metres) above sea level. It was elevated to city rank in 1880, and its municipality is ...
- Alagonakkara
- (from the article "Zheng He") On his second voyage, in 1409, Zheng He encountered treachery from King Alagonakkara of Ceylon. Zheng defeated his forces and took the king back to Nanjing as a captive. In 1411 Zheng He set out on his third voyage. This ...
- Alain
- French philosopher whose work profoundly influenced several generations of readers. [2 Related Articles]
- Alain de Lille
- theologian and poet so celebrated for his varied learning that he was known as "the universal doctor." [2 Related Articles]
- Alain le Grand
- (from the article "Albret Family") Charles I's grandson, Alain, was known as Alain le Grand (1440-1522). The surname refers not to his deeds but to the vast domains over which he ruled as one of the last feudal lords. A daughter, Charlotte (1480-1514), was married ...
- Alain-Fournier
- French writer whose only completed novel, Le Grand Meaulnes (1913; The Wanderer, or The Lost Domain), is a modern classic. [1 Related Articles]
- Alais, Peace of
- (from the article "Huguenot") Civil wars, however, occurred again in the 1620s under King Louis XIII. Eventually the Huguenots were defeated, and the Peace of Ales was signed on June 28, 1629, whereby the Huguenots were allowed to retain their freedom of conscience but ...
- Alajuela
- city, northwestern Costa Rica. It lies in the Valle Central at an elevation of 3,141 feet (957 metres). Known in colonial days as Villahermosa, the town was active in support of independence from Spain in 1821; five years later it ...
- alake
- (from the article "Ogun") ...coming from Lagos and other parts of the country. Major tourist attractions are Olumo rock, which according to tradition provided refuge for early Egba settlers; the Ake, the residence of the alake (the traditional ruler of Egbaland), built in 1854 ...
- Alaknanda River
- (from the article "Ganges River") The Ganges rises in the southern Himalayas on the Indian side of the Tibet border. Its five headstreams-the Bhagirathi, Alaknanda, Mandakini, Dhauliganga, and Pindar-all rise in the Uttarakhand region (the northern mountainous districts), a division of the state of Uttar ...
- Alakol, Lake
- salt lake in Kazakhstan, 110 miles (180 km) east of Lake Balqash, near the border with the Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang, China. Lake Alakol has a drainage basin of about 26,500 square miles (68,700 square km), an area of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Alalakh
- ancient Syrian city in the Orontes (Asi) valley, southern Turkey. Excavations (1936-49) by Sir Leonard Woolley uncovered numerous impressive buildings, including a massive structure known as the palace of Yarim-Lim, dating from c. 1780 BC, when Alalakh was the chief ... [3 Related Articles]
- Alalu
- (from the article "Teshub") ...god, Tarhun (q.v.). Several myths about Teshub survive in Hittite versions. One, called the "Theogony," relates that Teshub achieved supremacy in the pantheon after the gods Alalu, Anu, and Kumarbi had successively been deposed and banished to the netherworld. Another ...
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