| | - Advanced Photon Source
- (from the article "Argonne National Laboratory") ...houses several major research facilities that are available for collaborative and interdisciplinary use by government, academic, and industrial scientists. Four of these facilities-the Advanced Photon Source (APS), the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS), the Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System (ATLAS), ...
- Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
- (from the article "The Virtual World of Online Gaming") ...typical of the current generation of PC games, online gaming had its roots in some of the earliest computing technologies. By the late 1970s, many universities in the United States were linked by ARPANET, a precursor to the Internet. The ...
- advanced structural ceramics
- ceramic materials that demonstrate enhanced mechanical properties under demanding conditions. Because they serve as structural members, often being subjected to mechanical loading, they are given the name structural ceramics. Ordinarily, for structural applications ceramics tend to be expensive replacements for ...
- Advanced Study, Institute for
- (from the article "computer") ...Preliminary Discussion of the Logical Design of an Electronic Digital Computing Instrument, produced by a group working under the direction of mathematician John von Neumann of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University. The IAS paper, as von Neumann's ...
- Advanced Train Control System
- (from the article "railroad") ...is more difficult than in Europe, because block sections are much longer. To overcome the problem, the principal railroads of the United States and Canada combined in the 1980s to develop an Advanced Train Control Systems (ATCS) project, which would ...
- Advanced Visual Studies at MIT, Center for
- (from the article "Kepes, Gyorgy") ...(later the Institute of Design) in Chicago. He moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge in 1946, where he taught visual design until 1974. In 1967 Kepes founded the Center for Advanced Visual Studies at MIT, a ...
- advancing longwall method
- (from the article "coal mining") ...method, is the most commonly used in the United States. In this method the block is developed to its boundary first, and then the block is mined back toward the main haulage tunnel. In the advancing longwall method, which is ...
- Advani, Lal Kishanchand
- (from the article "India") ...of the mosque, which Muslims considered one of their oldest and most sacred places. India's police were thus ordered to stop the more than one million Hindus marching toward Ayodhya, including Advani himself, who rode in a chariot such as ...
- advantageous heterozygosity
- (from the article "consanguinity") In heterozygous form, with no adverse influence on the individual who carries them, recessive alleles retain the potential of causing future deaths from inherited disease. In effect, the death of the infant offspring of consanguineous parents purges the gene pool ...
- advection
- in atmospheric science, change in a property of a moving mass of air because the mass moves to a region where the property has a different value (e.g., the change in temperature when a warm air mass moves into a ... [2 Related Articles]
- advection fog
- (from the article "fog") Advection fog is formed by the slow passage of relatively warm, moist, stable air over a colder wet surface. It is common at sea whenever cold and warm ocean currents are in close proximity and may affect adjacent coasts. A ...
- Advent
- (from Latin adventus, "coming"), in the Christian church calendar, the period of preparation for the celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ at Christmas and also of preparation for the Second Coming of Christ. It begins on the Sunday nearest ... [3 Related Articles]
- Advent calendar
- (from the article "Christmas") ...a fir wreath with 24 candles (the 24 days before Christmas, starting December 1), but the awkwardness of having so many candles on the wreath reduced the number to four. An analogous custom is the Advent calendar, which provides 24 ...
- Advent Christian Church
- one of several Adventist churches that evolved from the teachings in the late 1840s of William Miller. It was organized in 1860. Doctrinal emphasis is placed on the anticipated Second Coming of Christ and on the Last Judgment, after which ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adventist
- member of any one of a group of Protestant Christian churches that trace their origin to the United States in the mid-19th century and that are distinguished by their emphasis on the belief that the personal, visible return of Christ ... [2 Related Articles]
- adventitia
- (from the article "renal system") The wall of the ureter has three layers, the adventitia, or outer layer; the intermediate, muscular layer; and the lining, made up of mucous membrane. The adventitia consists of fibroelastic connective tissue that merges with the connective tissue behind the ...
- adventitious root
- (from the article "angiosperm") The second type of root system, the adventitious root system, differs from the primary variety in that the primary root is short-lived and is replaced within a short time by many roots that form from the stem. Most monocotyledons have ...
- adventitious shoot
- (from the article "malformation") An extreme example of adventitious shoot formation is found in Begonia phyllomaniaca after shock. In this instance, small plantlets develop spontaneously in incredible numbers from the superficial cell layers of the leaf blades, petioles, and stems. The adventitious shoots do ...
- adventure playground
- (from the article "playground") A more recent trend in playground design is the "adventure" playground. Inspired by Scandinavian and British playground reformers, this design attempts to allow for a child-oriented perspective in play; children are, for instance, encouraged in these playgrounds to build their ...
- adverb
- (from the article "Romance languages") Originally a compounding process, the most common method of forming adverbs from adjectives (suffixing of Latin mente 'mind') has become in most languages a morphological process, although Spanish and Portuguese retain traces of the earlier stage in phrases such as ...
- adversary procedure
- in law, one of the two methods of exposing evidence in court (the other being the inquisitorial procedure; q.v.). [4 Related Articles]
- adverse possession
- in Anglo-American property law, holding of property under some claim of right with the knowledge and against the will of one who has a superior ownership interest in the property. Its legal significance is traced back to the English common-law ... [4 Related Articles]
- advertising agency
- (from the article "marketing") Advertising agencies are responsible for initiating, managing, and implementing paid marketing communications. In addition, some agencies have diversified into other types of marketing communications, including public relations, sales promotion, interactive media, and direct marketing. Agencies typically consist of four departments: ...
- advertising coloration
- in animals, the use of biological coloration to make an organism unique and highly visible as compared with the background, thereby providing easily perceived information as to its location, identity, and movement. Such advertisement may serve the function of attracting ... [1 Related Articles]
- ADVERTISING: Infomercials
- In 1964 a gadget inventor and salesman named Ron Popeil started a company named Ronco and became instrumental in creating the television infomercial industry in the U.S. Poised between superficial talk shows and the strident tones of Madison Avenue, the ...
- Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies
- (from the article "education") ...was growing uneasiness among the Africans, the missions, the governors, and the administrators, the necessity of a precise policy on education was imposed on the British authorities. In 1925 an Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies, created in 1924 ...
- Advisory Committee on Uranium
- (from the article "nuclear weapon") ...developed by Nazi Germany alarmed many scientists and was drawn to the attention of U.S. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt by Albert Einstein, then living in the United States. The president appointed an Advisory Committee on Uranium, which reported on Nov. ...
- advisory opinion
- in law, the opinion of a judge, a court, or a law official, such as an attorney general, upon a question of law raised by a public official or legislative body. Advisory opinions adjudicate nothing and are not binding, though ...
- advocacy poll
- (from the article "public opinion") ...discourse about some significant social or scientific issue. The results of such potentially biased surveys are frequently released to the media in order to magnify their impact, a practice known as advocacy polling. (See below Nonscientific polling.)
- advocate
- in law, a person who is professionally qualified to plead the cause of another in a court of law. As a technical term, advocate is used mainly in those legal systems that derived from the Roman law. In Scotland the ... [5 Related Articles]
- advocate general
- (from the article "Scotland") ...lord advocate also serves as Scotland's public prosecutor. Both are appointed by the British monarch on the recommendation of the first minister and with the approval of the Scottish Parliament. The advocate general for Scotland, who is the law officer ...
- Advocate of Moral Reform
- American periodical that, between 1835 and about 1845, campaigned to rescue women who were victims of moral and physical corruption and to reassert woman's centrality to family life.
- Advocates, Faculty of
- the members of the bar of Scotland. Barristers are the comparable group in England. The faculty grew out of the Scots Act of 1532, which established the Court of Session in Scotland. The advocates had, and still have, the sole ...
- Advokat
- (from the article "advocate") ...cases was done by avoues; today this distinction exists only before the appellate courts. In Germany, until the distinction between counselor and pleader was abolished in 1879, the Advokat was the adviser rather than the pleader. The term has traditionally ...
- Adwa
- town, northern Ethiopia. Adwa lies on the east-west highway between Aksum and Adi Grat at its junction with the road north to Asmara (Asmera), in Eritrea. Adwa is a market centre (grains, honey, hides, coffee) for the Tigray people. The ...
- Adwa, Battle of
- (March 1, 1896), military clash at Adwa, in north-central Ethiopia, between the Ethiopian army of King Menilek II and Italian forces. The decisive Ethiopian victory checked Italy's attempt to build an empire in Africa. [6 Related Articles]
- Adwick le Street
- town, Doncaster metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of South Yorkshire, north-central England, historic county of Yorkshire, England. The town derives its name from the great north British Roman routeway, Ermine Street. The earliest references to the town are found in Domesday ...
- Ady, Endre
- one of Hungary's greatest lyric poets. [1 Related Articles]
- Adygea
- republic, southwestern Russia. It extends from the Kuban River south to the Caucasus foothills. Adygea was established as an oblast (province) in 1922 for the Adyghian people, one of two major branches of the Circassians (Cherkess), who ...
- Adyghian
- (from the article "Adygea") ...southwestern Russia. It extends from the Kuban River south to the Caucasus foothills. Adygea was established as an oblast (province) in 1922 for the Adyghian people, one of two major branches of the Circassians (Cherkess), who make ...
- Adyghian language
- (from the article "Caucasian languages") The Abkhazo-Adyghian group consists of the Abkhaz, Abaza, Adyghian, Kabardian, and Ubykh languages. Adyghians and Kabardians are often considered members of a larger, Circassian group. Abkhaz, with about 90,000 speakers, is spoken in Abkhazia (the southern slopes of the western ...
- adynaton
- a kind of hyperbole in which the exaggeration is so great that it refers to an impossibility, as in the following lines from Andrew Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress":Had we but world enough, and timeThis coyness, lady, were no crime.We ...
- adyr
- (from the article "Fergana Valley") ...of a thick bed of deposits brought down from the surrounding mountains. At the foot of the latter, and separated from them in places by a depression, is a belt of low, barren hills, called adyr. The numerous rivers descending ...
- adz
- hand tool for shaping wood. One of the earliest tools, it was widely distributed in Stone Age cultures in the form of a handheld stone chipped to form a blade. By Egyptian times it had acquired a wooden haft, or ... [6 Related Articles]
- Adzhubei, Alexei
- (from the article "Izvestiya") ...to a circulation of 354,000 in 1924 and 1,500,000 by 1932. Restrictions during World War II and under Joseph Stalin slowed its growth, but under the editorship of Nikita Khrushchev's son-in-law, Alexei Adzhubei, Izvestiya was transformed into a lively, readable ...
- adzuki bean
- (from the article "agriculture, origins of") ...They also raised crops not grown initially in China. A clearly domesticated soybean (Glycine max) was grown by 3000 BP in either northeast China or Korea. The adzuki, or red, bean (Vigna angularis) may ...
- AE
- poet, artist, and mystic, a leading figure in the Irish literary renaissance of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Russell took his pseudonym from a proofreader's query about his earlier pseudonym, "AEon." [2 Related Articles]
- AEA June Bug
- biplane designed, built, and tested by members of the Aerial Experiment Association (AEA) in 1908. For a table of pioneer aircraft, see history of flight. [2 Related Articles]
- Aeacidae
- (from the article "Epirus") ...5th century Epirus was still on the periphery of the Greek world. To the 5th-century historian Thucydides, the Epirotes were "barbarians." The only Epirotes regarded as Greek were the Aeacidae, who were members of the Molossian royal house and claimed ...
- Aeacus
- in Greek mythology, son of Zeus and Aegina, the daughter of the river god Asopus; Aeacus was the father of Telamon and Peleus. His mother was carried off by Zeus to the island of Oenone, afterward called by her name. ... [2 Related Articles]
- Aechmea
- genus of epiphytes (plants that are supported by other plants and have aerial roots exposed to the humid atmosphere) of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae), with more than 180 species distributed in tropical America. Spiny-edged leaves, usually about 30 to 60 ...
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