port town, Cadiz provincia, in the comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community") of Andalusia, in extreme southern Spain, across the Bay of Gibraltar from Gibraltar.
(Jan. 16-April 7, 1906), international conference of the great European powers and the United States, held at Algeciras, Spain, to discuss France's relationship to the government of Morocco. The conference climaxed the First Moroccan Crisis (see Moroccan crises).
one of the most popular American authors in the last 30 years of the 19th century and perhaps the most socially influential American writer of his generation.
large, predominantly Muslim country of North Africa. From the Mediterranean coast, along which most of its people live, Algeria extends southward deep into the heart of the Sahara, a forbidding desert where the Earth's hottest surface temperatures have been recorded ...
a body of Muslim religious scholars (ulama) who, under French rule, advocated the restoration of an Algerian nation rooted in Islamic and Arabic traditions.
town and episcopal see, Sassari provincia, northwestern Sardinia, Italy, southwest of Sassari city. It was founded in 1102 by the Doria family of Genoa and became a Catalan colony under Peter IV of Aragon in 1354. Emperor Charles V took ...
grand duke of Lithuania from 1345 to 1377, who made Lithuania one of the largest European states of his day. His son Jogaila became Wladyslaw II Jagiello, king of united Poland and Lithuania.
prototype of a class of variable stars called eclipsing binaries, the second brightest star in the northern constellation Perseus. Its apparent visual magnitude changes periodically over the range of (approximately) 2.2 to 3.5; even at its dimmest it remains readily ...
the study of algae, a large heterogeneous group of chiefly aquatic plants ranging in size from microscopic forms to species as large as shrubs or small trees. The discipline is of immediate interest to humans owing to algae's importance in ...
North American Indian language family whose member languages are or were spoken in Canada, New England, the Atlantic coastal region southward to North Carolina, and the Great Lakes region and surrounding areas westward to the Rocky Mountains. Among the numerous ...
any of a number of scattered Algonquian-speaking bands and tribes living in dense forest regions on either side of the upper Ottawa River in Canada. They drew cultural traits from tribes flanking them on east and west, the Montagnais and ...
wilderness area, southeastern Ontario, Canada. It lies about 140 miles (225 km) northeast of Toronto and covers an area of 2,955 square miles (7,653 square km). Established in 1893, the park, once a lumbering area, is a hilly wildlife refuge ...
informal group of American literary men and women who met daily for lunch on weekdays at a large round table in the Algonquin Hotel in New York City during the 1920s and '30s. The Algonquin Round Table began meeting in ...
large glacial lake that once existed in North America and covered most of the area now occupied by the Great Lakes of Superior, Michigan, and Huron. It was present in the Pleistocene Epoch (1,600,000 to 10,000 years ago), a geologic ...
systematic procedure that produces-in a finite number of steps-the answer to a question or the solution of a problem. The name derives from the Latin translation, Algoritmi de numero Indorum, of the 9th-century Muslim mathematician al-Khwarizmi's arithmetic treatise "Al-Khwarizmi Concerning ...
writer whose novels of the poor are lifted from routine naturalism by his vision of their pride, humour, and unquenchable yearnings. He also catches with poetic skill the mood of the city's underside: its jukebox pounding, stench, and neon glare.
meteorite determined to have come from Mars and the subject of a contentious scientific claim that it contains the remains of ancient life indigenous to the planet. Recovered from the Allan Hills ice field of Antarctica in 1984, the 1.9-kg ...
palace and fortress of the Moorish monarchs of Granada, Spain. The name Alhambra, signifying in Arabic "the red," is probably derived from the colour of the sun-dried tapia, or bricks made of fine gravel and clay, of which the outer ...
city, Los Angeles county, California, U.S. Alhambra lies in the San Gabriel Valley, south of Pasadena. Laid out in 1874 by Benjamin D. Wilson on land once part of Mission San Gabriel Arcangel, it developed as an agricultural community with ...
Spanish plaza (enclave) on the Mediterranean coast of Morocco, comprising a bay, three islets, and a small port. The bay, a semicircular inlet (9 miles wide and 5 miles long [14 km wide and 8 km long]), ...
son-in-law of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, and fourth caliph (successor to Muhammad), reigning from 656 to 661. The question of his right to the caliphate resulted in the only major split in Islam (into Sunnah and Shi'ah branches). He ...
eighth imam of the Twelver Shi'ites, noted for his piety and learning until 817, when the caliph al-Ma'mun, in an attempt to heal the division between the majority Sunnites and the Shi'ites, appointed him his successor. The appointment aroused varying ...
Albanian brigand who, by murder and intrigue, became pasha, or provincial governor, of Janina from 1788. He extended his capricious rule within the Ottoman Empire over much of Albania and Macedonia, Epirus, Thessaly, and the Morea.
Ottoman grand vizier (chief minister) distinguished for his westernizing reform policies. Together with Mustafa Resid Pasa and Fuad Pasa, he was a main figure of the Tanzimat (Reorganization) period (1839-c. 1870) in Ottoman history.
Pakistani author whose novels and short stories examine Islamic culture and tradition in Hindu-dominated India. Proficient in both English and Urdu, he was also an accomplished translator and literary critic.
professional boxer and social activist. Ali was the first fighter to win the world heavyweight championship on three separate occasions; he successfully defended this title 19 times.
river, the longest in Greek Macedonia. The river's total length is 185 miles (297 km). Rising in the Grammos Mountains of the eastern Pindus Range on the Albanian frontier, the Aliakmon River flows southeast through gentle valleys and basins and ...
provincia, in Valencia comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community"), southeastern Spain. It was formed in 1833 from parts of the historical provincias of Valencia and Murcia. The barren mountain terrain of the north and northwest stands in contrast to the densely populated ...
port city, capital of Alicante provincia, in Valencia comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community"), southeastern Spain. It is located on Alicante Bay of the Mediterranean Sea. Founded as Akra Leuke ("White Summit") by Phocaean Greeks (from ...
mosaic formed of polygonal, coloured glazed tiles. Made up into geometric patterns, they have been used mostly for paving Spanish and Moorish patios but also for wall surfaces. The expansion of the lands under Christian control in Spain in the ...
town, Eastern province, South Africa. It lies on the southwestern bank of the Tyume River, west-northwest of East London, at an elevation of 1,720 feet (524 m). Alice began as a mission station established by the Glasgow Missionary Society for ...
town, Northern Territory, Australia. It is the main focus of the Centre, a name given to approximately 100,000 square miles (260,000 square km) of central Australia that includes large areas of desert and rocky ridges. Alice Springs lies on the ...
in chemistry, any of a large class of organic compounds in which three or more atoms of the element carbon are linked together in a ring. The bonds between pairs of adjacent atoms may all be of the type designated ...
in national and international law, a foreign-born resident who is not a citizen by virtue of parentage or naturalization and who is still a citizen or subject of another country.
(1798), four internal security laws passed by the U.S. Congress, restricting aliens and curtailing the excesses of an unrestrained press, in anticipation of an expected war with France. After the XYZ Affair (1797), war appeared inevitable. Federalists, aware that French ...
in social sciences, the state of feeling estranged or separated from one's milieu, work, products of work, or self. Despite its popularity in the analysis of contemporary life, the idea of alienation remains an ambiguous concept with elusive meanings, the ...
idea central to the dramatic theory of the German dramatist-director Bertolt Brecht. It involves the use of techniques designed to distance the audience from emotional involvement in the play through jolting reminders of the artificiality of the theatrical performance.
city, west-central Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies southeast of Delhi. The city itself is usually called Koil, or Kol; Aligarh is the name of a nearby fort. The city is an agricultural trade centre; the processing of agricultural ...
monument consisting of multiple rows of large upright stones, primarily located in Brittany and built during Neolithic and Early Bronze times. See megalith.
pathway by which food enters the body and solid wastes are expelled. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. See digestion.
a shaped and dried dough prepared from semolina, farina, wheat flour, or a mixture of these with water or milk and with or without egg or egg yolk. See pasta.
in divorce law, compensation owed by one spouse to the other for financial support after divorce. Alimony aims at support of the one spouse, not punishment of the other. In some places, the term means simply a property settlement irrespective ...
(Feb. 9, 1757), pact concluded in India by the British agent Robert Clive after his recovery of Calcutta on Jan. 2, 1757, from the nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Dawlah. The treaty was the prelude to the British seizure of Bengal. The ...
any chemical compound belonging to the organic class in which the atoms are not linked together to form a ring. One of the major structural groups of organic molecules, the aliphatic compounds include the alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, and substances ...
