| Adobe Photoshop ... Adrets, Francois de Beaumont, baron des |
| | - Adobe Photoshop
- (from the article "Adobe Systems Incorporated") ...the Unix and Windows operating systems. The first such application, introduced in 1987, was Adobe Illustrator, a PostScript-based drawing package for artists, designers, and technical illustrators. Adobe Photoshop, an application for retouching digitized photographic images, followed three years later and ...
- Adobe Systems Incorporated
- American developer of printing, publishing, and graphics software. Adobe was instrumental in the creation of the desktop publishing industry through the introduction of its PostScript printer language. Its headquarters are located in San Jose, California. [2 Related Articles]
- Adoimara
- (from the article "Afar") ...Cooperation in larger units such as subtribe or tribe is induced only by warfare against other tribes or neighbouring peoples. Two distinct classes, the Asaimara ("Red Men") and the Adoimara ("White Men"), constitute the landowning, titled nobles and the lower-class ...
- adolescence
- transitional phase of growth and development between childhood and adulthood. In many societies adolescence is narrowly equated with puberty and the cycle of physical changes culminating in reproductive maturity. [14 Related Articles]
- Adolf
- German king from May 5, 1292, to June 23, 1298, when he was deposed in favour of his Habsburg opponent, Albert I. [4 Related Articles]
- Adolf
- duke of Nassau from 1839 to 1867, who, as grand duke of Luxembourg from 1890 to 1905, was the first ruler of that autonomous duchy.
- Adolf Frederick
- king of Sweden from 1751 to 1771. He was the son of Christian Augustus (1673-1726), Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, and of Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach. [3 Related Articles]
- Adolf Friedrich
- (from the article "Virunga Mountains") ...clear though distant view of the three eastern volcanoes; and Count Adolf von Gotzen, a German, explored the two western volcanoes in 1894. The first maps resulted from the major expedition of Adolf Friedrich, duke of Mecklenburg, which was undertaken ...
- Adolf of Cologne
- (from the article "Philip") ...years old, and the German princes were unwilling to accept him as king. The princes favourable to the Hohenstaufens elected Philip German king in March 1198. The opposing party, led by Archbishop Adolf of Cologne, elected Otto, a son of ...
- Adolph III
- (from the article "Hamburg") ...of Holstein, further promoted the economic development of Hamburg as Lubeck's port on the North Sea. In the autumn of 1188 a group of Hamburg entrepreneurs received from their feudal overlord, Adolph III of Schauenburg (Schaumburg), count of Holstein, a ...
- Adolph V of Berg
- (from the article "Limburg") The direct male line of the house of Arlon continued to rule Limburg until 1282. When war broke out between Count Reinald of Guelders (who had married into the rights of Limburg) and Adolph V of Berg (who had been ...
- Adolphe, Marquis de Custine
- (from the article "Nicholas I") Or to refer to Adolphe, marquis de Custine, whose lasting literary fame rests on his denunciation of the Russia of Nicholas I: "Virgil's Neptune . . . one could not be more emperor than he." In short, Nicholas I came ...
- Adomi Bridge
- (from the article "Ho") ...Its agricultural basis was strengthened after 1870 by the development of German kola nut plantations and by expanding cacao cultivation. The town's modern commercial importance was ensured by the Volta Bridge (1957) at Adome, which connects Ho with Ghana's southern ...
- Adoni
- city, western Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It lies 140 miles (225 km) southwest of Hyderabad, on the Madras-Bombay railway route. Adoni was once the stronghold for the rulers of the medieval Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagar. Muslims later controlled it ...
- Adonias Filho
- novelist, essayist, journalist, and literary critic whose works of fiction embrace universal themes within the provincial setting of Brazil's rural northeast.
- Adonic line
- (from the article "prosody") followed by a shorter line, called an Adonic, - ˘ ˘ - - .
- Adonijah
- in the Old Testament, the fourth son of David, the natural heir to the throne. David's favourite wife, Bathsheba, organized an intrigue in favour of her son Solomon. Shortly after his accession, Solomon had Adonijah put to death on the ... [3 Related Articles]
- Adonis
- Lebanese poet and literary critic who was a leader of the modernist movement in Arabic poetry in the second half of the 20th century. [3 Related Articles]
- Adonis
- in Greek mythology, a youth of remarkable beauty, the favourite of the goddess Aphrodite (identified with Venus by the Romans). Traditionally, he was the product of the incestuous love Smyrna (Myrrha) entertained for her own father, the Syrian king Theias. ... [2 Related Articles]
- Adonis, Joe
- major American crime-syndicate boss in New York and New Jersey.
- Adonizedek
- (from the article "Jerusalem") ...narrative mentions the meeting of the Canaanite Melchizedek, said to be king of Salem (Jerusalem), with the Hebrew patriarch Abraham. A later episode in the biblical text mentions another king, Adonizedek, who headed an Amorite coalition and was vanquished by ...
- adoptees-rights movement
- (from the article "adoption") Beginning in the 1970s, a growing adoptees-rights movement in the United States called for the repeal of confidentiality laws in most states that prevented adoptees as adults from viewing their adoption records, including their original birth certificates. In subsequent decades ...
- adoptianism
- (from the article "Christianity") Heresies have survived or reemerged in the course of history: Arianism continued among the Teutonic tribes until the 7th century and in 18th-century England; "adoptianism" reappeared in Spain and France in the 8th and 9th centuries; antimaterial dualism was revived ...
- adoption
- (from the article "publishing, history of") In the United States the boards of education in some of the larger states review the available textbooks and approve a selection for use in their school districts. This selection process is called adoption, and publishers compete to have their ...
- adoption
- the act of establishing a person as parent to one who is not in fact or in law his child. Adoption is so widely recognized that it can be characterized as an almost worldwide institution with historical roots traceable to ... [14 Related Articles]
- Adoption of Children Act
- (from the article "adoption") The first modern adoption legislation, the Adoption of Children Act, was passed in the U.S. state of Massachusetts in 1851. It required judges to determine that adoptive parents had "sufficient ability to bring up the child" and that "it is ...
- Adoptionism
- either of two Christian heresies: one developed in the 2nd and 3rd centuries and is also known as Dynamic Monarchianism (see Monarchianism); the other began in the 8th century in Spain and was concerned with the teaching of Elipandus, archbishop ... [4 Related Articles]
- adoration
- (from the article "'alenu") ...by Christian church authorities, who interpreted a sentence as a slighting reference to Jesus and so ordered its deletion. Reform Judaism uses a modified form of the 'alenu that is called Adoration in the ritual. In Gates of Prayer: The ...
- Adoration of the Magi
- (from the article "Magi") The Adoration of the Magi-i.e., their homage to the infant Jesus-early became one of the most popular themes in Christian art, the first extant painting on the subject being the fresco in the Priscilla Catacomb of Rome dating from the ...
- Adorno Family
- Genoese family prominent in the politics of that city's "popular" (democratic) dogeship (1339-1528), when the old aristocracy was exiled and new families seized power. Branches of the family became prominent in Flanders and Spain.
- Adorno, Theodor Wiesengrund
- German philosopher who also wrote on sociology, psychology, and musicology. [4 Related Articles]
- Adoula, Cyrille
- (from the article "Congo") ...bastion of secessionism, the pro-Lumumba Stanleyville government, to be brought to heel. Meanwhile, following the convening of parliament in Leopoldville, a new civilian government headed by Cyrille Adoula came to power on August 2, 1961.
- Adour River
- river in southwestern France. The Adour River rises in the central Pyrenees near Tourmalet Pass, just south of Midi de Bigorre Peak, and flows in a curve, north, then west, to enter the Bay of Biscay just below Bayonne after ...
- Adoxaceae
- (from the article "Dipsacales") Adoxaceae used to include only the herbaceous genera Adoxa and Sinadoxa, but two more genera, Viburnum (175 species) and Sambucus (elderberry, 9 species), were added under APG II. These latter genera are found mostly in the northern temperate zone, but ...
- Adrano
- town, eastern Sicily, Italy. It lies near the Simeto River on a lava plateau on the western slopes of Mount Etna, northwest of Catania city. It originated as the ancient town of Hadranon, founded about 400 BC by Dionysius I, ...
- Adrar
- palm grove settlement, the largest of the Touat oasis group, southwestern Algeria, in the Sahara. Adrar's historical name was given it by the local Berber people, the Timmi, who established their ksar (fortified village) here. The modern name is derived ... [1 Related Articles]
- Adrar
- traditional region of central Mauritania in western Africa. It consists of a low central massif with noticeable cliffs that rise to about 800 feet (240 m). The terrain is arid and almost totally unsuitable for cropping. There is, however, sufficient ...
- Adrastus
- (from the article "Seven Against Thebes") ...on which of them was to succeed to the Theban throne and decided to rule in alternate years. As Eteocles' turn came first, Polyneices withdrew to Argos, where he married Argeia, daughter of King Adrastus. Another daughter, Deipyle, married Tydeus, ...
- adrenal cortex
- (from the article "Glands and hormones of the human endocrine system") The adrenal cortexcortisonecortisone a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. Introduced in 1948 for its anti-inflammatory effect in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, it has been largely replaced by ...
- adrenal crisis
- (from the article "endocrine system, human") The symptoms of adrenal insufficiency increase in intensity over time and eventually (after several months) lead to acute adrenal insufficiency, known as adrenal crisis. Adrenal crisis is characterized by fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and a precipitous fall in blood pressure. The ...
- adrenal gland
- either of two small triangular endocrine glands that are located above each kidney. In humans each adrenal gland weighs about 5 grams (about 0.18 ounce) and measures about 30 mm (1.2 inches) wide, 50 mm (2 inches) long, and 10 ... [16 Related Articles]
- adrenal hormone
- (from the article "lactation") ...lactation in women is inferred from the results of studies done on animals and from clinical observations that are in agreement with the results of animal studies. Prolactin, growth hormone, and adrenal hormone seem of greatest value in restoring lactation ...
- adrenal medulla
- (from the article "Glands and hormones of the human endocrine system") The adrenal medullaautonomic nervous systemnervous system, humanThe endocrine system...lie above the kidney, are composed of the cortex and the medulla. The adrenal cortex synthesizes and secretes steroid hormones that are ...
- adrenal tumour
- (from the article "adrenal gland") ...hyperfunction may be congenital or acquired. Congenital hyperfunction is always due to hyperplasia (enlargement) of both adrenal glands, whereas acquired hyperfunction may be due to either an adrenal tumour or hyperplasia. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, also known as the adrenogenital syndrome, ...
- adrenergic drug
- any of various drugs that interfere with the functioning of the sympathetic nervous system by affecting the release or action of norepinephrine and epinephrine. The former are hormones, secreted by the adrenal gland, that constrict blood vessels (thus increasing blood ... [1 Related Articles]
- adrenergic nerve fibre
- nerve fibre that releases the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline) at the synapse, or junction, between a nerve and its end organ, which may be a muscle, gland, or another nerve. Adrenergic nerve fibres make up the sympathetic nervous ... [1 Related Articles]
- adrenergic receptor
- (from the article "Drugs acting on cholinergic and adrenergic receptors") Receptors sensitive to norepinephrine and epinephrine are called adrenergic receptors. They are divided into two types, alpha and beta. These are further classified into subtypes alpha1, alpha2, beta1, and beta2.nervous ...
- adrenocortical hyperfunction
- (from the article "adrenal gland") Adrenocortical hyperfunction may be congenital or acquired. Congenital hyperfunction is always due to hyperplasia (enlargement) of both adrenal glands, whereas acquired hyperfunction may be due to either an adrenal tumour or hyperplasia. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, also known as the adrenogenital ...
- adrenocorticotropic hormone
- a polypeptide hormone formed in the pituitary gland that regulates the activity of the outer region (cortex) of the adrenal glands. In mammals the action of ACTH is limited to those areas of the adrenal cortex in which the glucocorticoid ... [19 Related Articles]
- Adret, Solomon ben Abraham
- outstanding spiritual leader of Spanish Jewry of his time (known as El Rab de Espana [the Rabbi of Spain]); he is remembered partly for his controversial decree of 1305 threatening to excommunicate all Jews less than 25 years old (except ... [2 Related Articles]
- Adrets, Francois de Beaumont, baron des
- French military leader of the Wars of Religion, notorious for his cruelty.
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