Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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adiaphorism ... Adler, Friedrich

adiaphorism: (from Greek adiaphora, "indifferent"), in Christian theology, the opinion that certain doctrines or practices in morals or religion are matters of indifference because they are neither commanded nor forbidden in the Bible. Two adiaphorist controversies occurred in Germany after the ... [1 Related Articles]
Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi: Nigerian author whose work drew extensively on the Biafran war in Nigeria during the late 1960s. [4 Related Articles]
Adidam: a small religious movement grounded in the Hindu tradition. Founded in 1972 in California by Franklin Jones (born 1939), who changed his name to Adi Da (Sanskrit: "One Who Gives from the Divine Source") in 1994, it has undergone a ...
Adidas: (from the article "Germany") ...adviser to Chancellor Schroder. A further scandal embroiled VW's operations in India, with accusations of bribery relating to the setting up of a plant in the country. Sportswear manufacturer Adidas sought to reposition itself in the global market by divesting ...
Adiego Lajara, Ignacio: (from the article "Anatolian languages") ...Egyptologist John Ray, who found several grammatical features suggesting that Carian is related to Hittite and Luwian and is part of the Anatolian group. His approach was successfully continued by Ignacio Adiego Lajara and fully confirmed by the discovery of ...
Adige River: longest stream of Italy after the Po River. The Adige rises in the north from two Alpine mountain lakes below Resia Pass and flows rapidly through the Venosta Valley south and east past Merano and Bolzano. Having received the waters ... [1 Related Articles]
Adikal, Ilanko, Prince: (from the article "Silappathikaram") the earliest epic poem in Tamil, written in the 5th-6th century AD by Prince Ilanko Adikal (Ilango Adigal). Its plot is derived from a well-known story.
Adil Shahi Dynasty: (1489-1686), ruling family of the kingdom of Bijapur, India, one of the two principal successor states to the Muslim sultanate of Bahmani in the Deccan. The dynasty strongly resisted the Mughal advance southward in the 17th century until it was ... [1 Related Articles]
Adilabad: city, northern Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It is an agricultural-trade centre 160 miles (260 km) north of Hyderabad, on the Nagpur-Hyderabad section of the Varanasi-Kanniyakumari National Highway. Nearby, at Mahur (Maharashtra state), is a fort dating from the Bahmani ...
adion: (from the article "electrochemical reaction") ...elementary positive charge. The adatoms therefore attract solvent molecules, and the species is partially solvated. This reaction justifies considering an adatom as a kind of adsorbed ion, called an adion, which, however, has already undergone partial discharge.
Adios: (from the article "harness racing") Notable American horses included the trotter Greyhound in the 1930s, the pacers Adios in the 1940s and his son Adios Butler in the 1950s, the pacer Bret Hanover and the trotter Nevele Pride in the 1960s, and the pacer Niatross ...
Adios Butler: (from the article "harness racing") Notable American horses included the trotter Greyhound in the 1930s, the pacers Adios in the 1940s and his son Adios Butler in the 1950s, the pacer Bret Hanover and the trotter Nevele Pride in the 1960s, and the pacer Niatross ...
adipic acid: (from the article "Straight-chain dicarboxylic acids") ...five carbon atoms, behaves similarly to yield glutaric anhydride. These reactions produce five- and six-membered rings, respectively, which are in general the easiest ring sizes to produce. Because adipic (six carbons) and longer-chain dicarboxylic acids would give rings of seven ...
adipose cell: connective-tissue cell specialized to synthesize and contain large globules of fat. There are two types of adipose cells: white adipose cells contain large fat droplets, only a small amount of cytoplasm, and flattened, noncentrally located nuclei; and brown adipose cells ... [3 Related Articles]
adipose tissue: (from the article "connective tissue") Some organs are suspended from the wall of a body cavity by thin sheets of connective tissue called mesenteries; others are embedded in adipose tissue, a form of connective tissue in which the cells are specialized for the synthesis and ...
adipsia: (from the article "endocrine system, human") There are two disorders in which this regulatory mechanism is dysfunctional. The first is termed adipsia (hypodipsia) and is a rare disorder in which the brain's thirst centre is damaged. Patients with adipsia have little or no sensation of thirst ...
Adirondack Anorthosite: (from the article "anorthosite") ...of eastern Canada is underlain by anorthosite, the Saguenay Mass alone accounting for a tenth of this. The Morin Anorthosite in the same area occupies 2,600 square km (1,040 square miles), and the Adirondack Anorthosite is exposed over an area ...
Adirondack Forest Preserve: (from the article "Adirondack Mountains") ...miles (24,300 square km), making it the largest American state or national park outside of Alaska. The park covers almost one-fifth of the state and is about the size of Vermont. The state-owned Adirondack Forest Preserve now comprises some 3,900 ...
Adirondack Mountains: mountains in northeastern New York state, U.S. They extend southward from the St. Lawrence River valley and Lake Champlain to the Mohawk River valley. The mountains are only sparsely settled, and much of the area exists in a primitive natural ... [3 Related Articles]
Adirondack Park: (from the article "Essex") ...and Boreas rivers and Schroon and Paradox lakes; Lake Tear of the Clouds is regarded as the source of the Hudson River. The county, in the heart of the Adirondack Mountains, is entirely occupied by Adirondack Park (1892), which is ...
Adishi Gospels: (from the article "painting, Western") The art of manuscript illumination flourished in Georgia from the 6th century onward, and numerous examples survive from all periods. Characteristic of the early works are two Gospel books, the Adishi Gospels (897) and the first set of Gospels of ...
adit: a horizontal or near-horizontal passage driven from the Earth's surface into the side of a ridge or mountain for the purpose of working, ventilating, or removing water from a mine. [3 Related Articles]
Aditi: (Sanskrit: "The Boundless"), in the Vedic phase of Hindu mythology, the personification of the infinite, and mother of a group of celestial deities, the Adityas. As a primeval goddess, she is referred to as the mother of many gods, including ...
Adityas: (from the article "Aditi") (Sanskrit: "The Boundless"), in the Vedic phase of Hindu mythology, the personification of the infinite, and mother of a group of celestial deities, the Adityas. As a primeval goddess, she is referred to as the mother of many gods, including ...
Adivar, Halide Edib: novelist and pioneer in the emancipation of women in Turkey. [3 Related Articles]
Adivasi: (from the article "Dadra and Nagar Haveli") About four-fifths of the population consists of Adivasi tribal peoples, the most numerous being the Varli, Dhodia, and Konkan, speaking a variety of tribal dialects. Gujarati and Marathi also are spoken in the region. The population is predominantly Hindu, with ...
Adiyaman: (from the article "Adiyaman") ...Byzantines, Seljuq Turks, and the Turkmen Dulkadir dynasty after the Arabs, it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire near the end of the 14th century. Under the Turkish republic, it was renamed Adiyaman in 1926. The ruins of Perre are ...
Adiyaman: city located in a valley of southeastern Turkey. Founded in the 8th century by the Umayyad Arabs near the site of ancient Perre, Hisn Mansur was later fortified by Caliph Harun ar-Rashid and became the chief town of the area, ...
Adja: (from the article "Benin") ...of Porto-Novo the Goun (Gun) and the Yoruba (known in Pobe and Ketou as Nago, or Nagot) are so intermixed as to be hardly distinguishable. Among other southern groups are various Adja peoples, including the Aizo, the Holi, and the ...
adjective: (from the article "Albanian language") ...is that nouns are further inflected obligatorily with suffixes to show definite or indefinite meaning: e.g., buke "bread," buka "the bread." Adjectives-except numerals and certain quantifying expressions-and dependent nouns follow the noun they modify; and they are ...
adjoint: (from the article "Marseille") ...there are two "mini city halls" in each arrondissement. The city mayor is assisted by a local government of 27 adjoints, each with responsibility for a particular facet of government, such as town planning, ...
adjoint functor: (from the article "mathematics, foundations of") Of special interest in foundations and elsewhere are adjoint functors (F,G). These are pairs of functors between two categories A and B, which go in opposite directions such that a one-to-one correspondence exists between the set of arrows F(A) → ...
adjournment: (from the article "chess") In major events a game was usually adjourned after the first five-hour session of play and resumed at a later time. Critics said this gave a player an unfair chance to consult colleagues, seconds, or, after 1980, even computers.
adjudication: (from the article "bankruptcy") ...the proceeds among the creditors. Various legal systems have vastly different approaches. The disparities relate mainly to the status of assets acquired by the bankrupt subsequent to his adjudication or conveyed away by him prior to that date.
adjunct: (from the article "English language") ...Buchmesse. In French one has no choice but to construct a phrase involving the use of two prepositions: Foire du Livre de Francfort. In English it is now possible to employ a plural noun as adjunct (modifier), as in "wages ...
adjustable square: (from the article "hand tool") ...including a square with shoulders that allowed it also to cast a mitre of 45 degrees. Iron squares were rarely used before 1800, and factory-made metal squares did not appear until 1835. The adjustable, or bevel, square was used for ...
adjustable wrench: (from the article "wrench") The adjustable pipe, or stillson, wrench is used to hold or turn pipes or circular bars. This wrench has serrated jaws, one of which is pivoted on the handle to create a strong gripping action on the work.
adjustment: (from the article "contract") The law also allows contractual relations to be adjusted when they have been thrown out of balance by unforeseen circumstances. The task of adjustment is relatively easy in cases in which both parties made a mistake or in which one ...
adjustment: in psychology, the behavioral process by which humans and other animals maintain an equilibrium among their various needs or between their needs and the obstacles of their environments. A sequence of adjustment begins when a need is felt and ends ... [3 Related Articles]
adjustment mechanism: (from the article "international payment and exchange") The international gold standard provided an automatic adjustment mechanism, that is, a mechanism that prevented any country from running large and persistent deficits or surpluses. It worked in the following manner. A country running a deficit would see its currency ...
adjutant stork: (from the article "stork") The adjutant stork of India and southeastern Asia (Leptoptilos dubius), or adjutant bird, and the lesser adjutant (L. javanicus) are typical scavengers with naked pink skin on the head and neck.
adjuvant: substance that enhances the effect of a particular medical treatment. Administration of one drug may enhance the effect of another. In anesthesia, for example, sedative drugs are customarily given before an operation to reduce the quantity of anesthetic drug needed. ...
adjuvant chemotherapy: (from the article "therapeutics") Adjuvant chemotherapy is the use of drugs to eradicate or suppress residual disease after surgery or irradiation has been used to treat the tumour. This is necessary because distant micrometastases often occur beyond the primary tumour site. Adjuvant chemotherapy reduces ...
Adkins v. Children's Hospital: (1923), U.S. Supreme Court case in which the court invalidated a board established by Congress to set minimum wages for women workers in the District of Columbia. Congress in 1918 had authorized the Wage Board to ascertain and fix adequate ... [1 Related Articles]
Adleman, Leonard: (from the article "computer") In 1994 Leonard Adleman, a mathematician at the University of Southern California, demonstrated the first DNA computer by solving a simple example of what is known as the traveling salesman problem. A traveling salesman problem-or, more generally, certain types of ...
Adler, Alfred: psychiatrist whose influential system of individual psychology introduced the term inferiority feeling, later widely and often inaccurately called inferiority complex. He developed a flexible, supportive psychotherapy to direct those emotionally disabled by inferiority feelings toward maturity, common sense, and social ... [5 Related Articles]
Adler, Buddy: (from the article "1953: Best Picture") Other Nominees
Adler, Cyrus: scholar, educator, editor, and Conservative Jewish leader who had great influence on American Jewish life in his time. [1 Related Articles]
Adler, Dankmar: architect and engineer whose partnership with Louis Sullivan was perhaps the most famous and influential in American architecture. [3 Related Articles]
Adler, Felix: American educator and founder of the Ethical Movement. [1 Related Articles]
Adler, Friedrich: (from the article "Sturgkh, Karl, Count von") ...Having dissolved the Bohemian Landtag (provincial assembly) in 1913, he adjourned the Austrian Reichsrat in March 1914 and governed henceforth by decree, until he was shot by the left-wing socialist Friedrich Adler in October 1916 during World War I.