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Encyclopedias since 1768

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Albert ... Alboni, Marietta

Albert: prince of Monaco (1889-1922), seaman, amateur oceanographer, and patron of the sciences, whose contributions to the development of oceanography included innovations in oceanographic equipment and technique and the founding and endowment of institutions to further basic research.
Albert Canal: waterway connecting the cities of Antwerp and Liege in Belgium. Completed in 1939, the Albert Canal is about 80 mi (130 km) long, has a minimum bottom width of 80 ft (24 m), and can be navigated by vessels of ...
Albert I: the first margrave of Brandenburg and founder of the Ascanian dynasties (q.v.). He was one of the main leaders of 12th-century German expansion into eastern Europe.
Albert I: king of the Belgians (1909-34), who led the Belgian army during World War I and guided his country's postwar recovery.
Albert I: duke of Austria and German king from 1298 to 1308 who repressed private war, befriended the serfs, and protected the persecuted Jews.
Albert II: German king from 1438, king (Albert) of Hungary, king (Albrecht) of Bohemia, and duke (Albrecht) of Luxembourg. As a member of the Habsburg dynasty he was archduke (Albert V) of Austria from infancy (1404).
Albert II: king of the Belgians from 1993.
Albert II Alcibiades: margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, member of the Franconian branch of the Hohenzollern family, and a soldier of fortune in the wars between the Habsburgs and the Valois dynasty of France.
Albert II, prince de Monaco: 32nd hereditary ruler of the principality of Monaco (2005- ). He was the only son of Rainier III, prince de Monaco, and Grace Kelly (Princess Grace de Monaco), a former actress.
Albert III: duke of Saxony, founder of the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin, and marshal of the Holy Roman Empire.
Albert III Achilles: elector of Brandenburg, soldier, and administrative innovator who established the principle by which the mark of Brandenburg was to pass intact to the eldest son.
Albert L'ouvrier: French worker who became the workers' representative in the provisional government and National Assembly of 1848; he was the first industrial workingman to enter a government in France.
Albert Lea: city, seat of Freeborn county, southern Minnesota, U.S. It lies about 90 miles (145 km) south of Minneapolis, just north of the Iowa state line. The city is situated on Fountain and Albert Lea lakes in an agricultural area. Settled ...
Albert Memorial: monument in Kensington Gardens, in the Greater London borough of Westminster. It stands near the southern boundary of the park, between Alexandra Gate and Queen's Gate, just north of the Royal Albert Hall.
Albert Nile: the upper Nile River in northwestern Uganda, eastern Africa, issuing from the north end of Lake Albert (Mobutu), just north of the mouth of the Victoria Nile. It flows 130 miles (210 km) north past Pakwach to the Sudanese border ...
Albert of Aix: canon of the church of Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) and historian of the First Crusade. He gathered oral and written testaments of participants in the Crusade and provided a chronicle on the subject, the Historia expeditionis Hierosolymitanae ("History of ...
Albert Of Saxony: German scholastic philosopher especially noted for his investigations into physics.
Albert VII: cardinal archduke of Austria who as governor and sovereign prince of the Low Countries (1598-1621) ruled the Spanish Netherlands jointly with his wife, Isabella, infanta of Spain (see Isabella Clara Eugenia).
Albert, Archduke: able field marshal who distinguished himself in the suppression of the Italian Revolution of 1848 and in the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and whose reforms turned the Austrian Army into a modern fighting force after its rout by Prussia.
Albert, Eugen d': naturalized German composer and piano virtuoso best remembered for his opera Tiefland (1903) and his arrangements and transcriptions of the music of J.S. Bach.
Albert, Heinrich: German composer of a famous and popular collection of 170 songs, the most representative examples of German Baroque solo song.
Albert, Lake: northernmost of the lakes in the Western Rift Valley, in east-central Africa, on the border between Congo (Kinshasa) and Uganda. In 1864 the lake was first visited by a European, Samuel Baker, who was seeking the sources of the Nile; ...
Albert, Prince Consort of Great Britain and Ireland: the prince consort of Queen Victoria of Great Britain and father of King Edward VII. Although Albert himself was undeservedly unpopular, the domestic happiness of the royal couple was well known and helped to assure the continuation of the monarchy, ...
Alberta: most westerly of Canada's three Prairie Provinces, occupying the continental heartland of the western part of the country. It has an area of 255,285 square miles (661,190 square kilometres), of which 6,485 square miles are freshwater. It is 756 miles ...
Alberta Basin: large, petroleum-rich sedimentary basin along the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains in central Alberta, Canada. The basin was formed when the Earth's crust sank along the continental side of the Rocky Mountains during the Devonian period (408 to 360 ...
Alberti Family: wealthy Florentine merchant banking family that was influential in European politics in the second half of the 14th century and notable for its patronage of the arts and beneficence toward the poor.
Alberti, Domenico: Venetian composer whose harpsichord sonatas depend heavily on an accompaniment pattern of broken, or arpeggiated, chords known as the Alberti bass.
Alberti, Leon Battista: Italian Humanist, architect, and principal initiator of Renaissance art theory. In his personality, works, and breadth of learning, he is considered the prototype of the Renaissance "universal man."
Alberti, Rafael: Spanish writer of Italian Irish ancestry, regarded as one of the major Spanish poets of the 20th century.
Albertina Graphics Collection: compilation of graphic arts in the Hofburg, or Imperial Palace, of Vienna, Austria. It is important for its comprehensive collection of prints, drawings, sketchbooks, and miniatures assembled in the 18th century by Albert Kasimir, Duke of Saxe-Teschen, and cataloged by ...
Albertinelli, Mariotto: painter associated with Fra Bartolomeo, and an artist whose style upheld the principles of the High Renaissance in Florence a decade after its leading exponents had moved to Rome.
Albertini, Luigi: Italian journalist, an early and outspoken opponent of Fascism, who made the Corriere della sera (in Milan) one of the most respected and widely read daily newspapers in Europe.
Albertosaurus: large carnivorous dinosaurs of the Late Cretaceous Period (99 million to 65 million years ago) found as fossils in North America and eastern Asia. Albertosaurs are an early subgroup of tyrannosaurs, which appear to have evolved from them.
Albertus Magnus, Saint: Dominican bishop and philosopher best known as a teacher of St. Thomas Aquinas and as a proponent of Aristotelianism at the University of Paris. He established the study of nature as a legitimate science within the Christian tradition. By papal ...
Albery Family: British family of theatre managers and playwrights whose members helped build the London theatre into a prime tourist attraction.
Albi: city, capital of Tarn departement, Midi-Pyrenees region, in the Languedoc, southern France. It lies along the Tarn River where the latter leaves the Massif Central for the Garonne Plain, northeast of Toulouse. Albi, or Albiga, was the capital of the ...
Albigenses: the heretics-especially the Catharist heretics-of 12th-13th-century southern France. (See Cathari.) The name, apparently given to them at the end of the 12th century, is hardly exact, for the movement centred at Toulouse and in nearby districts rather than at Albi ...
albinism: (from the Latin albus, meaning "white"), the absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, hair, scales, or feathers. Albino animals rarely survive in the wild because they lack the pigments that normally provide protective coloration and screen against the sun's ...
Albino: colour type of horse, characterized by pink skin and a pure white coat. Unlike some other colour types, which develop as the horse matures, the Albino is born white and remains white throughout life. Albinos conform to riding horse type. ...
Albinoni, Tomaso Giovanni: Italian composer remembered chiefly for his instrumental music.
Albinovanus Pedo: Roman poet who wrote a Theseid, referred to in a letter from his friend the poet Ovid; epigrams that are commended by the Latin poet Martial; and an epic poem on the military exploits of the Roman general Germanicus Caesar, ...
Albinus: Greek philosopher, a pupil of Gaius and a teacher of Galen, and a forerunner of Neoplatonism.
Albinus, Bernard Siegfried: German anatomist who was the first to show the connection of the vascular systems of the mother and the fetus.
Albinus, Decimus Clodius Septimius: Roman general, a candidate for the imperial title in the years 193-197. He represented the aristocracy of the Latin-speaking West, in contrast to Pescennius Niger, candidate of the Greek-speaking East, and to Lucius Septimius Severus, candidate of the army and ...
Albion: the earliest-known name for the island of Britain. It was used by ancient Greek geographers from the 4th century BC and even earlier, who distinguished "Albion" from Ierne (Ireland) and from smaller members of the British Isles. The Greeks and ...
Albion College: private, coeducational institution of higher learning located in Albion, Mich., U.S. Albion is a liberal arts college offering bachelor's degrees in the humanities, business, social sciences, natural sciences, and the fine arts. The college is affiliated with the United Methodist ...
albite: common feldspar mineral, a sodium aluminosilicate (NaAlSi₃O₈) that occurs most widely in pegmatites and acidic igneous rocks such as granites. It may also be found in low-grade metamorphic rocks and as authigenic albite in certain sedimentary varieties. Albite usually forms ...
Albizia: large genus of trees, of the pea family (Fabaceae), native to warm regions of the Old World. The alternate, compound leaves are bipinnate (i.e., the leaflets of the feather-formed leaves, in turn, bear leaflets). The small flowers are borne in ...
Albo, Joseph: Jewish philosopher and theologian of Spain who is noted for his classic work of Jewish dogmatics, Sefer ha-'iqqarim (1485; "Book of Principles").
Alboin: king of the Germanic Lombards whose exceptional military and political skills enabled him to conquer northern Italy.
Alboni, Marietta: Italian operatic contralto known for her classic Italian bel canto.