| Aubusson, Pierre d' ... Auerbach plexus |
| | - Aubusson, Pierre d'
- grand master of the military-religious Order of St. John of Jerusalem, known for his defense of Rhodes against the Turks.
- Aucassin et Nicolette
- early 13th-century French chantefable (a story told in alternating sections of verse and prose, the former sung, the latter recited). Aucassin, "endowed with all good qualities," is the son of the Count of Beaucaire and falls in love with Nicolette, ... [4 Related Articles]
- Auch
- town, capital of Gers departement, Midi-Pyrenees region, southwestern France. Auch is built on and around a hill on the west bank of the Gers River, west of Toulouse. The capital of the Celtiberian tribe ...
- Auchenorrhyncha
- (from the article "homopteran") ...and can be vectors of plant diseases. A few provide secretions or other products that are beneficial and have commercial value. Most members of the Homoptera fall into one of two large groups; the Auchenorrhyncha, which consists of the cicadas, ...
- Auchincloss, Louis
- American novelist, short-story writer, and critic, best known for his novels of manners set in the world of contemporary upper-class New York City.
- Auchinleck, Sir Claude
- (from the article "World War II") ...major offensive against Rommel's front was undertaken on Nov. 18, 1941, by the British 8th Army, commanded by Cunningham under the command in chief of Wavell's successor in the Middle East, General Sir Claude Auchinleck. The offensive was routed. General ...
- Auckland
- regional council, northwestern North Island, New Zealand. It includes the city of Auckland and its metropolitan area. The region is surrounded by several fine harbours, including Kaipara Harbour to the north and Manukau Harbour to the south.
- Auckland
- city, Auckland regional council, north-central North Island, New Zealand. The country's largest city and its largest port, it occupies a narrow isthmus between Waitemata Harbour (east) and Manukau Harbour (southwest). It was established in 1840 by Governor William Hobson as ... [3 Related Articles]
- Auckland Harbour Bridge
- (from the article "Auckland") ...of consumer goods; vehicle assembly and boatbuilding; and food processing, brewing, and sugar refining. A large iron and steel mill was opened at Glenbrook (20 miles [32 km] south) in 1969. The Auckland Harbour Bridge (1959) links the city with ...
- Auckland Islands
- outlying island group of New Zealand, in the South Pacific Ocean, 290 miles (467 km) south of South Island. Volcanic in origin, they comprise six islands and several islets, with a total land area of 234 square miles (606 square ...
- Auckland, George Eden, Earl of, 2nd Baron Auckland, 2nd Baron Auckland Of Auckland, Baron Eden Of Norwood
- governor-general of India from 1836 to 1842, when he was recalled after his participation in British setbacks in Afghanistan. [3 Related Articles]
- auction
- the buying and selling of real and personal property through open public bidding. The traditional auction process involves a succession of increasing bids or offers by potential purchasers until the highest (and final) bid is accepted by the auctioneer (who ... [25 Related Articles]
- auction bridge
- (from the article "auction bridge") card game that was the third step in the historical progression from whist to bridge whist to auction bridge to contract bridge. See bridge.comparison to bridgebridgeAuction bridgeThe essential f
- Auction Euchre
- (from the article "euchre") ...absolute highest card of a called suit is undealt, it is the highest card in play that counts.) Railroad euchre refers to various local rules adopted to speed up play, especially among commuters. Auction euchre is played with five, six, ...
- Audaghost
- (fl. 9th-11th century), former Berber town in the southwest Sahara, northwest of Timbuktu. Audaghost was an important terminus of the medieval trans-Saharan trade route. The town was primarily a centre where North African traders could buy gold from the kings ...
- Aude
- (from the article "Languedoc-Roussillon") region of France encompassing the southern departements of Lozere, Gard, Herault, Aude, and Pyrenees-Orientales and roughly coextensive with the former province of Languedoc. Languedoc-Roussillon is bounded by the regions of...
- Audelay, John
- (from the article "English literature") ...a refrain) on conventional subjects such as the transience of life, the coming of death, the sufferings of Christ, and other penitential themes. The author of some distinctive poems in this mode was John Audelay of Shropshire, whose style was ...
- Auden, W H
- English-born poet and man of letters who achieved early fame in the 1930s as a hero of the left during the Great Depression. Most of his verse dramas of this period were written in collaboration with Christopher Isherwood. In 1939 ... [8 Related Articles]
- Audiberti, Jacques
- poet, novelist, and, most importantly, playwright whose extravagance of language and rhythm shows the influence of Symbolism and Surrealism.
- audience
- (from the article "United States") Art is made by artists, but it is possible only with audiences; and perhaps the most worrying trait of American culture in the past half century, with high and low dancing their sometimes happy, sometimes challenging dance, has been the ...
- audiencia
- in the kingdoms of late medieval Spain, a court established to administer royal justice; also, one of the most important governmental institutions of Spanish colonial America. In Spain the ordinary judges of audiencias in civil cases were called oidores and, ... [6 Related Articles]
- Audiencia of Charcas
- (from the article "Bolivia") ...(also known, in the colonial period, as Charcas and La Plata and, since independence, as Sucre) served as the seat of Upper Peru's government, which was known from its foundation in 1559 as the Audiencia of Charcas. The audiencia was ...
- Audimeter
- (from the article "Nielsen, A.C.") The rating system was based on a sampling of more than 1,000 television homes scattered around the United States. Each member of the sample had a small box, called an Audimeter, attached to the set, which recorded when the set ...
- Audina, Mia
- (from the article "Badminton") ...of Denmark's Camilla Martin, China was hoping to win all three medals in the women's singles competition. Top-seeded Gong Ruina, however, lost her semifinal match to the Indonesian-born Dutch player Mia Audina. In the final Zhang Ning narrowly defeated Audina ...
- audio signal processing
- (from the article "motion-picture technology") Sound effects can be manipulated with the use of digital technology known as audio signal processing (ASP). The sound waveform is analyzed 44,000 times per second and converted into binary information. The pitch of a sound may be raised or ...
- audiocassette
- (from the article "sound recording") Audiocassette tape recording also makes use of electromagnetic phenomena to record and reproduce sound waves. The tape consists of a plastic backing coated with a thin layer of tiny particles of magnetic powder, usually ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and to a ...
- audiogram
- (from the article "ear, human") ...a threshold 40 decibels above the normal threshold. A graph showing the hearing level for each ear by octaves and half octaves across the frequency range of 125 to 8,000 hertz is called an audiogram. The shape of the audiogram ...
- audiology
- (from the article "ear, human") ...against sound. The person being tested wears an earphone or sits in front of a loudspeaker in a quiet test chamber, with instructions to give a hand signal whenever a brief tone is sounded. The audiologist proceeds to determine the ...
- audiometer
- (from the article "ear, human") The audiometer consists of an oscillator or signal generator, an amplifier, a device called an attenuator, which controls and specifies the intensity of tones produced, and an earphone or loudspeaker. The intensity range is usually 100 decibels in steps of ...
- audiometry
- (from the article "ear, human") With the introduction of the electric audiometer in the 1930s, it became possible to measure an individual's hearing threshold for a series of pure tones ranging from a lower frequency of 125 hertz to an upper frequency of 8,000 or ...
- Audion
- elementary form of radio tube developed in 1906 (patented 1907) by Lee De Forest of the United States. It was the first vacuum tube in which a control grid (in the form of a bent wire) was added between the ... [7 Related Articles]
- audiovisual education
- use of supplementary teaching aids, such as recordings, transcripts, and tapes; motion pictures and videotapes; radio and television; and computers, to improve learning. [3 Related Articles]
- Audit Bureau of Circulation
- (from the article "publishing, history of") ...naturally asserted their right to verify them. The first attempt, made in 1899 by the Association of American Advertisers, only lasted until 1913, but fresh initiatives in 1914 created the Audit Bureau of Circulation. Though resented at first by publishers, ...
- auditing
- examination of the records and reports of an enterprise by specialists other than those responsible for their preparation. Public auditing by independent, impartial accountants has acquired professional status and become increasingly common with the rise of large business units and ... [2 Related Articles]
- auditorium
- the part of a public building where an audience sits, as distinct from the stage, the area on which the performance or other object of the audience's attention is presented. In a large theatre an auditorium includes a number of ... [9 Related Articles]
- Auditorium
- (from the article "Villanueva, Carlos Raul") Villanueva's best known works were buildings for the Ciudad Universitaria, Caracas; the Olympic Stadium (1951); the Auditorium (Aula Magna) and covered plaza (Plaza Cubierta), both 1952-53; and the School of Architecture (1957). The Auditorium was particularly notable for its ceiling, ...
- Auditorium Building and Theatre
- (from the article "Chicago") ...south end of Grant Park to the Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum (1930), the John G. Shedd Aquarium (1930), and the Field Museum of Natural History (1893). Several blocks farther north, the Auditorium Theatre (1889) is the site of touring ...
- Auditors, Court of
- (from the article "European Union") ...of rejection over legislation in most of the areas subject to qualified majority voting, and in a few areas, including citizenship, it was given veto power. The treaty formally incorporated the Court of Auditors, which was created in the 1970s ...
- auditory cortex
- (from the article "nervous system, human") The auditory cortex provides the temporal and spatial frames of reference for the auditory data that it receives. In other words, it is sensitive to aspects of sound more complex than frequency. For instance, there are neurons that react only ...
- auditory ossicle
- (from the article "ear, human") Crossing the middle-ear cavity is the short ossicular chain formed by three tiny bones that link the tympanic membrane with the oval window and inner ear (Figure 2). From the outside inward they are the malleus (hammer), the incus (anvil), ...
- Audley, Thomas Audley, Baron
- lord chancellor of England from 1533 to 1544, who helped King Henry VIII break with the papacy and establish himself as head of the English church. Historians have viewed him as an unprincipled politician completely subservient to Henry's will.
- Audoin
- (from the article "Lombard") In 546 a new Lombard royal dynasty was begun by Audoin. At that time, it seems, the Lombards began to adapt their tribal organization and institutions to the imperial military system of the period, in which a hierarchy of dukes, ...
- Audran, Claude III
- (from the article "singerie") ...Jean Berain, who included dressed figures of monkeys in many of his arabesque wall decorations. The emergence of singerie as a distinct genre, however, is usually attributed to the decorator Claude III Audran, who in 1709 painted a large picture ...
- Audrey
- (from the article "As You Like It") ...of the girls' true identities precipitates a group wedding ceremony. When word arrives that Frederick has repented, the Duke's exile is at an end. A group of forest inhabitants-William, Audrey, Silvius, and Phoebe-and the courtier Le Beau further round out ...
- Audubon's caracara
- (from the article "caracara") ...plancus) occurs from Florida, Texas, Arizona, Cuba, and the Isle of Pines south to the Falkland Islands and Tierra del Fuego. The subspecies occurring in the United States is called Audubon's caracara (P. p. auduboni).
- Audubon, John James
- ornithologist, artist, and naturalist who became particularly well known for his drawings and paintings of North American birds. [7 Related Articles]
- Audulomi
- (from the article "Indian philosophy") ...individual and the absolute are both identical and different (as causes and their effects are different-a view that seems to have been the ancestor of the later theory of Bhedabheda). Audulomi, another pre-Badarayana Vhhanta philosopher, is said to have held ...
- Audumla
- (from the article "Aurgelmir") ...that formed when the ice of Niflheim met the heat of Muspelheim. Aurgelmir was the father of all the giants; a male and a female grew under his arm, and his legs produced a six-headed son. A cow, Audumla, nourished ...
- Auenbrugger von Auenbrugg, Leopold
- physician who devised the diagnostic technique of percussion (the art of striking a surface part of the body with short, sharp taps to diagnose the condition of the parts beneath the sound). In 1761, after seven years of investigation, he ... [2 Related Articles]
- Auer, Leopold
- Hungarian-American violinist especially renowned as a teacher, who numbered among his pupils such famous performers as Mischa Elman, Jascha Heifetz, Efrem Zimbalist, and Nathan Milstein.
- Auerbach plexus
- (from the article "nervous system, human") ...of neurons, embedded in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The outermost plexus, located between the inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth-muscle layers of the gut, is called the Auerbach, or myenteric, plexus. Neurons of this plexus regulate peristaltic waves ...
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