any substance that is capable of holding materials together in a functional manner by surface attachment that resists separation. "Adhesive" as a general term includes cement, mucilage, glue, and paste-terms that are often used interchangeably for any organic material that ...
(Punjabi: "First Book"), the sacred scripture of Sikhism, a religion of India. The book (also known as Granth, or Granth Sahib ["The Granth Personified"]) is a collection of nearly 6,000 hymns of the Sikh Gurus (religious leaders) and various early ...
among some sects of Mahayana Buddhism, the first, or self-existing, Buddha, from whom are said to have evolved the five Dhyani-Buddhas (see Dhyani-Buddha). Though the concept of an Adi-Buddha was never generally popular, a few groups, particularly in Nepal, Tibet, ...
process by which the removal of a magnetic field from certain materials serves to lower their temperature. This procedure, proposed by chemists Peter Debye (1926) and William Francis Giauque (independently, 1927), provides a means for cooling an already cold material ...
in thermodynamics, change occurring within a system as a result of transfer of energy to or from the system in the form of work only. A rapid expansion or contraction of a gas is very nearly adiabatic. Any process that ...
petty kingdom that was a vassal state of the Parthian empire (247 BC-AD 224) in northern Mesopotamia (now Iraq). Its capital was Arba-ilu (Arbela; modern Irbil). In the 1st century AD its royal family embraced Judaism; the queen mother Helena ...
one of several families in the fern order Filicales. It consists of about 60 genera with 850 species and is distributed throughout the world, especially in tropical America. The family is characterized by spore-producing structures (sporangia) located in lines along ...
(from Greek adiaphora, "indifferent"), in Christian theology, the opinion that certain doctrines or practices in morals or religion are matters of indifference because they are neither commanded nor forbidden in the Bible. Two adiaphorist controversies occurred in Germany after the ...
longest stream of Italy after the Po River. The Adige rises in the north from two Alpine mountain lakes below Resia Pass and flows rapidly through the Venosta Valley south and east past Merano and Bolzano. Having received the waters ...
(1489-1686), ruling family of the kingdom of Bijapur, India, one of the two principal successor states to the Muslim sultanate of Bahmani in the Deccan. The dynasty strongly resisted the Mughal advance southward in the 17th century until it was ...
city, northern Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It is an agricultural-trade centre 160 miles (260 km) north of Hyderabad, on the Nagpur-Hyderabad section of the Varanasi-Kanniyakumari National Highway. Nearby, at Mahur (Maharashtra state), is a fort dating from the Bahmani ...
connective-tissue cell specialized to synthesize and contain large globules of fat. The chief chemical constituents of this fat are the neutral glycerol esters of stearic, oleic, and palmitic acids. The fat stored in these cells in part comes directly from ...
mountains in northeastern New York state, U.S. They extend southward from the St. Lawrence River valley and Lake Champlain to the Mohawk River valley. The mountains are only sparsely settled, and much of the area exists in a primitive natural ...
horizontal opening, or entrance, made from the Earth's surface, usually to intersect a seam of coal or a mineral vein. An adit is frequently called a tunnel, a term more properly reserved for a working that is open at both ...
(Sanskrit: "The Boundless"), in the Vedic phase of Hindu mythology, the personification of the infinite, and mother of a group of celestial deities, the Adityas. As a primeval goddess, she is referred to as the mother of many gods, including ...
city located in a valley of southeastern Turkey. Founded in the 8th century by the Umayyad Arabs near the site of ancient Perre, Hisn Mansur was later fortified by Caliph Harun ar-Rashid and became the chief town of the area, ...
in psychology, the behavioral process by which humans and other animals maintain an equilibrium among their various needs or between their needs and the obstacles of their environments. A sequence of adjustment begins when a need is felt and ends ...
substance that enhances the effect of a particular medical treatment. Administration of one drug may enhance the effect of another. In anesthesia, for example, sedative drugs are customarily given before an operation to reduce the quantity of anesthetic drug needed. ...
(1923), U.S. Supreme Court case in which the court invalidated a board established by Congress to set minimum wages for women workers in the District of Columbia. Congress in 1918 had authorized the Wage Board to ascertain and fix adequate ...
psychiatrist whose influential system of individual psychology introduced the term inferiority feeling, later widely and often inaccurately called inferiority complex. He developed a flexible, supportive psychotherapy to direct those emotionally disabled by inferiority feelings toward maturity, common sense, and social ...
American harmonica player generally considered to be responsible for the elevation of the mouth organ to concert status in the world of classical music.
Hungarian-born Australian businessman, founder of the Fire and All Risks Insurance Co. (later renamed FAI Insurance, Ltd.) and one of the 10 richest men in the country.
Italian-born American journalist, experimental novelist, and film critic best known for her analytic essays and reviews for The New Yorker magazine and for her 1986 book that investigates the news media.
American actress, teacher, and founder of the Stella Adler Conservatory of Acting in New York City (1949), where she tutored performers in "the method" technique of acting.
in Greek legend, son of Pheres, king of Pherae in Thessaly. Having sued for the hand of Alcestis, the most beautiful of the daughters of Pelias, king of Iolcos in Thessaly, Admetus was first required to harness a lion and ...
the legal framework within which public administration is carried out. It derives from the need to create and develop a system of public administration under law, a concept that may be compared with the much older notion of justice under ...
any of several butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae (order Lepidoptera). They are fast-flying butterflies that are much prized by collectors for their coloration, which consists of black wings with white bands and reddish brown markings. The migratory red ...
the title and rank of a senior naval officer, often referred to as a flag officer, who commands a fleet or group of ships of a navy or who holds an important naval post on shore. The term is sometimes ...
any of a number of 14th- or 15th-century carpets handwoven in Spain, probably at Letur or at Lietor in Murcia. The carpets were made with the Spanish knot, tied on a single warp and set in staggered rows on adjacent ...
racing trophy awarded to the winner of a biennial international competition among teams of sailing yachts; it was established in 1957 by the Royal Ocean Racing Club (RORC) of Great Britain. Teams of three yachts rated at 25 to 70 ...
a theatrical company in Elizabethan and Jacobean England. About 1576-79 they were known as Lord Howard's Men, so called after their patron Charles Howard, 1st earl of Nottingham, 2nd Baron Howard of Effingham. In 1585, when Lord Howard became England's ...
in Great Britain, until 1964, the government department that managed naval affairs. In that year the three service departments-the Admiralty, the War Office, and the Air Ministry-were abolished as separate departments and merged in a new unified Ministry of Defence, ...
passage of water located between Brodeur and Borden peninsulas and indenting for 230 miles (370 km) the northwest coast of Baffin Island in the Baffin region of Nunavut territory, Canada. The inlet, leading southward from Lancaster Sound of Baffin Bay, ...
in Papua New Guinea, extension of the Bismarck Archipelago comprising a group of about 40 islands. The group lies in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about 190 miles (300 km) off the northern coast of Papua New Guinea. The volcanic Manus ...
town, Ondo state, southwestern Nigeria. It lies in the Yoruba Hills, at the intersection of roads from Akure, Ilawe, Ilesha, Ila (Illa), and Ikare, and is situated 92 miles (148 km) east-northeast of Ibadan. An urban and industrial centre of ...
American developer of printing, publishing, and graphics software. Adobe was instrumental in the creation of the desktop publishing industry through the introduction of its PostScript printer language. Its headquarters are located in San Jose, California.
transitional phase of growth and development between childhood and adulthood. In many societies adolescence is narrowly equated with puberty and the cycle of physical changes culminating in reproductive maturity.
